Physical Education (Theory) ISC (Commerce) Class 12 CISCE Syllabus 2025-26

• Introduction
• Physical Health
• Mental Health

• Meaning of ‘Health Education'
• Definition of ‘Health Education'

• Importance of Health Education for adults and the younger generation through formal and non-formal channels of education.

• Various prevalent Health Problems:

1. Communicable diseases - meaning, examples and common mode of spread.
2. Epidemics – meaning and example
3. Water, noise and air pollution - causes and prevention;
4. Occupational Health Hazards – meaning and examples

• Role of Health Education in solving them

• Causes of Corns 

1. Wearing ill-fitting shoes
2. Skipping socks
3. Playing instruments or using hand tools

• Broken Nails due to Tight Footwear
• Causes of Ring Worm
• Causes of Athletes Foot due to Walking in Wet Areas
• Proper Care of Foot

• Meaning of Rehabilitation
• Scope of Rehabilitation

• Meaning of posture
• Categories of posture - Dynamic posture and Static posture

• Meaning of Correct posture
• Importance of Correct posture (Standing, sitting, walking)

• Meaning of Kyphosis
• Causes of Kyphosis
• Corrective measures of Kyphosis

• Meaning of Scoliosis
• Causes of Scoliosis
• Corrective measures of Scoliosis

• Meaning of Lordosis
• Causes of Lordosis
• Corrective measures of Lordosis

• Meaning of Flat Foot
• Causes of Flat Foot
• Corrective measures of Flat Foot

• Meaning of Knock Knees
• Causes of Knock Knees
• Corrective measures of Knock Knees

• Meaning of Bow Legs
• Causes of Bow Legs
• Corrective measures of Bow Legs

• Meaning of Round Shoulders
• Causes of Round Shoulders
• Corrective measures of Round Shoulders

• Meaning of Hunch Back
• Causes of Hunch Back
• Corrective measures of Hunch Back

• Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Use- An Invitation to Death
• Drugs Abuse
• Effects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
• Prevention and Control of Drug Abuse

Awareness of the fact that the use of certain drugs has been banned by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) and reasons for the same.

• Meaning and definitions of sports injuries

• Classified according to the cause of the injury:
  (1) Direct Injuries
  (2) Indirect Injuries
  (3) Soft Tissue Injuries
  (4) Hard Tissue Injuries
  (5) Overuse Injuries
• Types of sports injuries:
  (1) Skin injuries (Abrasion, Laceration, Incision, Puncture wound, Avulsion)
  (2) Soft tissue injuries (Contusion, Sprain, Strain)
  (3) Joint injuries (Dislocation)
  (4) Bone injuries (Fracture)
  (5) Acute and chronic
  (6) Minor/ moderately serious
  (7) Minor and major
  (8) Microtrauma and macro trauma

Types of injuries due to sudden movement; environment (hot, cold, wet and dry); lack of preparation (warm-up, cool down); inadequate clothing, body protection; not following instructions; surface and facilities, equipment being unsafe.

• Meaning of ‘First Aid’
• Importance of ‘First Aid’

First Aid for cuts, grazes, strains, sprains, cramps, blisters, bruises, injuries of bone (fracture and dislocation); application of splints and Thomas splint; First Aid in drowning; Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation (RICE).

• The Field of play: Diagram of the cricket field and pitch with measurements and specifications;
• The Ball (Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight);
• The Bat (Length, Width, Material);
• Stumps and bails (Height, Width);
• The Players (Number of players: playing eleven and substitutes);
• Substitutions;
• The Players’ Equipment;
• Compulsory equipment;
• Types of matches (One day, Five days, Four days and T20);
• Officials and their duties (2 field umpires, 1 third umpire, 1 match referee and 2 scorers);
• The Ball in and out of Play;
• Ways of a batsman getting out

• Batting (On drive, Off drive, Square cut and Leg glance);
• Fielding (Close catching, Catching 'In the outfield', Long barrier and Throwing);
• Bowling (Inswing, Outswing, Yorker and Full toss);
• Wicket-keeping (Footwork, Catching the ball, and Diving)

Maiden over, Hat trick, Extra, Dead rubber, Seam bowling, Over, No ball, Bouncer, Sight screen, Bump ball, Danger area, Power play, Overthrow, Declaration, Appeal, Bodyline Bowling, Dot ball, Substitute, Dead ball, Ball-tampering, Century, Follow-on, Golden duck, Nick, Nightwatchman, Tailender, Pull shot, Innings defeat, Cover drive, Innings, Straight drive, Sweep shot, Hook shot, Reverse sweep, Uppercut, Late cut, Leg glance, Pull shot, Flick shot, Beamer, Off cutter, Leg cutter, Short pitch, Full-length delivery, Reverse swing, Different types of signals, extra runs, extra players, runner, substitute, provisions and restrictions, players equipment, danger area, various terms of cricket.

• The Field of play: Diagram of the Field with Measurements and Specifications, Height and Width of Goalpost, Height of Corner flags
• The Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, weight, Air pressure
• The Players: Number of players (playing eleven and substitutes), Number of substitutions allowed in a match, Substitution procedure The Players’ Equipment, Compulsory Equipment
• The Referee: Powers and Duties, Compulsory Equipment, Referee signals
• Other match officials:
• Assistant Referees: Duties and Signals;
• Fourth official: Duties;
• Additional assistant referee: Duties;
• Reserve assistant referee: Duties
• The Duration of the Match: Periods of play, Halftime interval, Allowance for time lost, Penalty kick, Abandoned match
• The Start and Restart of Play: Kick-off and its Procedure (start, both halves, both halves of extra time and restarts play after a goal), Free kicks and its Procedure (Direct and Indirect), Penalty Kicks and its Procedure, Throw-in and its Procedure, Goal kicks and its Procedure, Corner Kicks and its Procedure
• The Ball in and out of Play
• Determining the outcome of a match: Goal scored, Winning team, Kicks from the penalty mark
• Offside: Offside position, Offside offence, No offence
• Fouls and Misconduct: Direct free kick, Indirect free-kick, Disciplinary action (Yellow card and Red card), Restart of play after fouls and misconduct.

• Passing (Short pass and Long pass);
• Trapping (Step trap, Inside trap, Thigh trap, Chest trap and Head trap);
• Shooting (Instep, Swerve shot, Chip and toe punt);
• Dribbling;
• Receiving;
• Heading;
• Tackle;
• Goalkeeping.

Advantage, Zonal marking, Sliding Tackle, Through the pass, Quarter Circle, Man-to-Man Marking, Additional time, Extra time, Nutmeg, One-on-one, Step over, Technical area, Volley, Half Volley, Attacker, Defender, Chip, Cross, Overlap, Lob, Banana Kick, Bicycle Kick, Wall Pass, Goal-line technology (GLT), Principles of play-attack, depth, defence, penetration, sweeper systems, 4-4-2, 4-3-3, 4-2-4. Kick-off, corner kick, throw-in, goal kick, free kick, penalty kick. Importance of penalty arc, center circle and lines on the field.

• Field of play: Diagram of the Field with Measurements and Specifications
• Composition of teams: Number of Players, Substitution rule for Field players and Goalkeepers
• Captains: Identity and Responsibility
• Players’ clothing and equipment: Uniform and equipment of Field Players, Goalkeepers
• Match and result: Duration of the match and half time, Result of the match
• Start and re-start of the match: Procedure of Start (centre pass) and Re-start (Bully, Free hit, Second half)
• Ball outside the field: Procedure to re-start from different areas, sideline, backline, after every goal
• Method of scoring
• Conduct of play: Players, Goalkeepers and Players with Goalkeeping Privileges; Umpires (Responsibilities of Umpires).
• Penalties and procedures for taking penalties:
• Awarding: Free Hit, Penalty Corner and Penalty Stroke; Procedures: Free hit, Penalty corner, Penalty stroke.
• Personal Penalties: Cautions (Verbal warning);
• Temporary suspension: Green Card - 2 minutes suspension, Yellow Card- 5 minutes suspension; Permanent suspension (Red Card).
• Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, extra time, tiebreaker, sudden death, ball in play and out of play, penalty stroke, short corner, long corner, free hits, hit or push back, 16 yards hit, the importance of lines on the field. Start and restart of the match.
• Knowledge of the dimensions and diagrams of the field and goalpost, the thickness of the lines, dimensions, and complete specifications and markings on it. Equipment of the game with their length, width, weight, thickness, material and dimensions. Protective equipment of the goalkeeper and players.
• Duties of the officials, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, running substitution duty of coach, captain, assistant referees, ball boys, doctor, groundsmen.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalizations, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches.

• Field Equipment:
• Goal-post: (sideboard, backboard and net);
• Flag post
• Hockey Stick (Specification and Properties) Ball: Shape, Material, Circumference, Weight, Colour

• Passing (Push, Drive and Sweep)
• Trap (Upright stop & Flat stop)
• Dribbling (Straight dribble, Loose dribble, Indian dribble, Dribbling pull back, One hand dribble: right hand and reverse side)
• Shooting,
• Goalkeeping.
• Basic skills and techniques (Passing - types of pass, ground lofted, chip, volley, angle of pass, push, scoop, flick, aerial ball. Receiving the ball – control, dribbling (running with the ball, rhythm and pace, feints, body swerves, screening, beating an opponent from the right to the left, right and behind. Shooting skills with Stick, inside or outside, short and long-range shots, swerving shots, volleys, penalty, power, and accuracy. Tackling skills - interception, jockeying for position. Goalkeeping skills - stopping, watching, guiding the team, saving goals, kicking, diving, anticipation, speed, Reflexes.

Forehand, Playing Distance, Tackle, Back Stick, Dangerous Play, Field Goal, Obstruction, Raised Ball, High Stick, Hooking, Reverse stick, Push, Scoop, AdvantageFlick, High ball, Shooting circle, Undercutting, Jab, Foot, Give-and-go, Carry the ball, Centre pass, Back pass, Reverse hit, Rebound, Rusher, Long corner, Through pass, Stroke, Cross, 16-yard hit, Principles of play-attack, depth, defence, penetration, team formations 1-2-3-5/ 1-1-3-4-2/ 1-1-3-3.

• National Tournaments: All India Gurmeet Memorial Hockey Tournament. Chandigarh, All India Chhatrapati Shivaji Hockey Tournament, Delhi, All India Indira Gold Cup Hockey Tournament, Jammu.
• International Tournaments: Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament, World Hockey Cup, Champions Trophy.

• Court: Diagram of the court with Dimensions and Specifications, Meaning of Court areas, lines, circle, semi-circle, position of the scorer's table and substitution chairs.
• Equipment needed to conduct the game Teams: Definition, Rules, Players uniform Injured players
• Captain and Coaches: Duties and powers Duration of Play Playing time, Tied score and Extra periods
• Status of the ball: Ball Live, Ball Dead
• Jump ball and Alternating possession: Jump ball: Definition, Procedure and Situations; Alternating possession: Definition and Procedure
• How the ball is played: Definition and Rule
• Control of Ball: Definition, Team Control: Continues and Ends
• Goal: When made and its value, Definition, Rule of scoring
• Throw-in, time-out, substitution: Definition, Rules and procedures.
• Game Lost by Forfeit, default, violation: Rules and Penalty
• Player out of bounce and Ball Out of Bounds: Definition and Rule
• Dribbling: Definition, a dribble starts, a dribble ends, rule for dribbling
• Travelling: Definition, Pivot
• Closely Guarded Player: Definition and Rule 3 Seconds rule, 8 Seconds rule, 24 Seconds rule and procedure
• Ball returned to backcourt: Definition, Rule and Penalty
• Goaltending and Interference: Definition and rule; Meaning and penalty of Interference; Penalty for The Respective Violations
• Fouls – Definition; Personal Foul, Double Foul - Definition and Penalty; Technical Foul: Rules of conduct, Violence, Definition and Penalty; Unsportsmanlike Foul, Disqualifying foul - Definition and Penalty
• Fighting - Definition, Rule and Penalty; Penalty for the respective Fouls; Five fouls by a player;
• Team fouls: Definition and Rule.
• Contact: General principles: Cylinder principle, Principle of verticality, Legal guarding position, Guarding a player who controls the ball, Guarding a player who does not control the ball, A player who is in the air, Screening (Legal and Illegal), Charging, Blocking, No charge semi-circle areas, Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) or arm(s), Holding, Pushing
• Free Throws - Definition, Rule and Penalty
• Duties and Powers of: Officials, Table officials and Commissioner; Referee; Scorer and Assistant Scorer; Timer; Short clock operator
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments.

• Dribbling (high dribble, change of pace, crossover, between the legs and behind the back)
• Passing (chest pass, bounce pass, baseball pass, outlet pass and no-look pass)
• Shooting (layup, jump shot, hook shot, free throw, bank shot and slam dunk)
• Defence (man to man defence, zone defence and combination defence)
• Offence (early offence, set offence, motion offence, zone offence and spread offence)
• Rebounding (Offensive and Defensive)
• Pivot
• Footwork (pivot, 1 count and 2 count stop) One to one defence, fake and drive, pass and cut Defence, types of defence, zone defence, and fast break.

Drive, Fake, Fast Break, Blocking, Charge, Carry, Screen, Double Dribble, Travel, Triple Threat, Ball Handler, Dead Ball, Front Court, Loose Ball, Held Ball, Dunk, Field Goal, Alley-Oop, Back Court, Press, Box out, Double foul, Jump stop, Timeout Airball, Jump ball, Game clock, Block, Possession arrow.

• Playing Area: Diagram of the Play Area with Measurements and Specifications; Diagram of Net, Antenna and Posts with measurements and specifications
• Ball: Shape, Material, Weight, Circumference, Air Pressure
• Composition of teams:
• Players equipment and forbidden objects
• Team Leaders: Responsibility of Captain, Coach and Assistant coach
• Playing Format: To score a point, To win a set, To win the match
• Structure of Play: The Toss, Official warm-up session, Team starting line-up, Positions and Positional fault, Rotation and Rotation fault
• States of Play: Ball in play, Ball out of play, Ball "IN", Ball "OUT"
• Playing the ball: Team Hits, Characteristics of the hit, Faults in playing the ball, Ball at the net, Ball crossing the net, Ball touching the net, Ball in the net.
• Player at the net: Reaching beyond the net, Penetration under the net, Contact with the net, Player's faults at the net
• Service: First service in a set, Service order, Authorization of the service, Execution of the service, Screening, Faults made during service, Serving faults and Positional faults
• Attack hit: Characteristics, Restrictions, Faults
• Block: Blocking, Block contact, Blocking within the opponent's space, Block and team hits, Blocking the service, Blocking faults
• Interruptions, Delays and Intervals: Interruptions (meaning); Number of regular game interruptions; Sequence of regular game interruptions; Request for regular game interruptions;
• Time-outs and Technical time-outs
• Exceptional game interruptions: Injury/illness, External interference, Prolonged interruptions
• Substitution: Limitation, Exceptional, Expulsion/disqualification, Illegal, Procedure, Improper request
• Game delays: Types of delays, Delay sanctions Intervals and change of court
• Libero player: Designation of the Libero, Equipment, Actions involving the libero, Redesignation of a new libero
• Participants' conduct: Sportsmanlike conduct, Fair play
• Misconduct and its sanctions: Minor misconduct, Misconduct leading to sanction, Sanction scale,
• Cards used: Warning (Verbal and Yellow card); Penalty (Red card); Expulsion (Red plus Yellow card jointly); Disqualification (Red plus Yellow card separately)
• Referees: Composition, Procedures, Location, Authority and Responsibilities of First referee, Second referee, Scorer, Assistant scorer, Line judges.
• Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, captain, etc.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, default by teams.

• Service (Underhand, Topspin, Float, Jump serve and Jump float)
• Pass (Underarm pass and Overhand pass)
• Set (Overhead and Bump)
• Attack/spike (Backcourt, Line and cross-court shot, Dip, Block-abuse, Off-speed hit, Quick hit, Slide and Double-quick hit)
• Block (Single block, Double block and Triple block)
• Dig
• Basic skills and techniques, tactics and team skills Knowledge of basic skills, volley-two hand pass over the head forearm pass. The serve underarm, over arm float, over arm jump, overarm top spin, round house jump. The smash - high set cross-court, down the line, speed smash, tip the ball over the block. The block-line of defence, defence against a smash, attack at set ball. Teamwork importance in both defence and attack. Understanding rotation, blocking and screening.

Back row attack, Block assist, Side out, Blocking error, Floater, Two set, Extension roll, Free ball, Joust, Overlapping, Backset, Carry, Closing the block, Ball down, Quickset, Serving zone, Defence zone, Attack zone, Foot fault, Net violation, Trap set, Reading an opponent, Cross-court attack

• Court: Diagram of the court with Measurements and Specifications, Court equipment (Posts and Net)
• Shuttle: Dimensions and Specifications, Testing a shuttle for speed
• Racket: Diagram of the racket with Measurements and Specifications
• Toss: Procedure Scoring system
• Change of ends Service: Singles (serving and receiving courts);
• Doubles: Serving and receiving courts, Order of play and position on the court, Scoring and serving, Sequence of serving Service court errors Lets Shuttle, not in play Continuous play, Misconduct, and Penalties
• Officials duties and appeals: Referee, Umpire, Service judge, Line judges
• Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, extra time, tie, shuttle in play and out of play, the importance of lines on the court, singles, and doubles.
• Knowledge of the dimensions and diagram of the court, the thickness of the lines. Equipment required for the game with their length, width weight, thickness, material, and dimensions.
• Duties of the officials, requirements of the game, equipment needed, number of players, the duty of the coach, match organizers.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalizations, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches, match points, etc.

Basic skills and techniques - forehand or backhand, correct grip, smash, drop, drive, netplay, return upshots and low/ high/ flick serves, Basic positioning for men and women rallies.

Short serve, Long serve, Wide serve, Service order, Love, All, Deuce, Forecourt, Mid-court, Rear court, Rally, Set, Rubber, Lunge, Clear lob, Half smash, Full smash, Carry, Baseline smash, Drive, Push shot, Tumbling net shot, Net kill, Net lift Hairpin net shot, Alley, Back-alley, Follow through, Court, Wood shot Flick, Bird, Singles footwork base.

• Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, deuce, advantage, tie foot fault. Ball in play and out of play. Dimensions and importance of lines on the court, singles, and doubles.
• Knowledge of the dimensions and diagram of the court net, racket, thickness of the lines. Equipment required for the game with their length, width, weight, thickness, material, and dimensions. Types of courts.
• Duties and number of officials, requirements of the game, number of players, the duty of coach, match organizers.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalizations, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches, match points, etc.

• Basic skills and techniques - forehand or backhand, chopper grip, correct grip, smash, drop, drive, netplay, return upshots and low/ high/ flick serves. Basic positioning for men and women rallies. The racket grip-shake hand.
• Strokes - backhand push, forehand drive, forward push.
• Service - two bounce serve, high toss, forehand spin, backhand spin, long serve.
• Spin - forehand topspin, backhand topspin chopping blocking lobbing, follow-through, placement of ball for each service.

• Knowledge of competitive swimming events and activities

• Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of various swimming events, strategies, and tactics in chosen events. Planning performing and evaluating particular events.
• Knowledge of the dimension, depth, and distance of the pool. Importance of starters and judges for start and finish of individual and medley races. Various officials in charge of conducting the events. Types of races, types of strokes, diving competitions, false start, individual and medley events. Stances for different strokes.
• Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, the duty of coach, physiotherapist, wind gauge operator, lifeguard, photo finish.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalizations, arrangements are needed to conduct tournaments.

Basic skills and techniques requiring control, balance, weight transfer, flow, clear body positions, complex sequence of movements, and ability to perform showing high standards of precision control power speed and stamina, fitness, and tactics to outwit the opponents. Warming up and cooling down safely, safety requirements for swimmers.

Knowledge of track and field events and activities

• Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of various events, strategies, and tactics in chosen events. Planning performing and evaluating particular event.
• Knowledge of the dimension of the track. Width of the track. Measurement of 400 and 200 meters, relay, and solo races. Equipment of athletes in various events dimensions and requirements. Importance of starters and judges for start and finish. Importance of staggers.
• Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, physiotherapist, wind gauge operator, photo finish.
• Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalizations, arrangements needed to conduct meets. Rules and distances and requirements of various events.

Basic skills and techniques requiring control, balance, weight transfer, flow, clear body positions, a complex sequence of movements, and the ability to perform showing high standards of precision control power speed and stamina, fitness, and tactics to outwit the opponents. Warming up and cooling down exercises.