Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2024-25 Class 11: The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus for the examination year 2024-25 has been released by the Tamil Nadu Board, Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2024-25 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus for 2024-25 is below.
Academic year:
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Revised Syllabus
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry and their Unit wise marks distribution
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Chemistry Course Structure 2024-25 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry and Chemical Calculations
- Chemistry - the Centre of Life
- Classification of Matter
- Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds
- Mixture: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixture
- Atomic and Molecular Masses
- Atomic Mass
- Average Atomic Mass
- Molecular Mass
- Formula Mass
- Mole Concept
- Concept of Mole
- Quantities Related on Mole Concept and Their Formula
- Experiment
- Gram Equivalent Concept
- Definition
- Equivalent Mass of Acids, Bases, Salts, Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents
- Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula
- Determination of Empirical Formula from Elemental Analysis Data
- Calculation of Molecular Formula from Empirical Formula
- Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometric Calculations
- Limiting Reagents
- Redox Reactions
- Classical ideas of redox reactions
- Redox reaction in terms of electron transfer
2 Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
- Introduction to Atom Models
- Bohr atom model
- Limitation of Bohr's atom model
- J. J. Thomson’s Model (Water melon model)
- Rutherford’s model
- Atomic spectra
- Wave Particle Duality of Matter
- Quantisation of angular momentum and de Broglie concept
- Davison and Germer experiment
- Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
- Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
- Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
- Significance of uncertainty principle
- Reasons for the failure of Bohr model
- Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
- Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom – SchröDinger Equation
- Main features of the quantum mechanical model of atom
- Quantum Numbers
- Principal quantum number (n)
- Azimuthal Quantum number (l) or subsidiary quantum number
- Magnetic quantum number (ml)
- Spin quantum number (ms)
- Shapes of atomic orbitals
- Radial distribution function
- Angular distribution function
- Energies of orbitals
- Filling of Orbitals
- Aufbau principle
- Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity
- Electronic configuration of atoms
- Stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals
- Symmetrical distribution of electron
- Exchange energy
3 Periodic Classification of Elements
- Introduction to Periodic Classification of Elements
- Classification of Elements
- Mendeleev's Classification
- Anomalies of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
- Moseley's Work and Modern Periodic Law
- Modern Periodic Table
- Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number Greater than 100
- Notation for IUPAC Nomenclature of Elements
- Grouping of Elements Based on Electronic Configurations
- Variation of Electronic Configuration along the periods
- Variation of Electronic Configuration in the Groups
- Periodic Trends in Properties
- Atomic radius
- Covalent radius
- Metallic radius
- Periodic Trends in Atomic Radius
- Variation in Periods
- Effective nuclear charge
- Variation in Group
- Ionic radius
- Ionisation energy
- Successive Ionisation energies
- Periodic Trends in Ionisation Energy
- Periodic variation in group
- Ionisation energy and shielding effect
- Electron Affinity
- Variation of Electron Affinity in a period
- Variation of Electron affinity in a group
- Electronegativity
- Variation of Electronegativity in a period
- Variation of Electronegativity in a group
- Periodic Trends in Chemical Properties
- Valence or Oxidation States
- Periodicity of Valence or Oxidation States
- Anomalous properties of second period elements
- Diagonal Relationship
- Periodic Trends and Chemical Reactivity
4 Hydrogen
- Hydrogen
- Occurrence
- Position of hydrogen in the periodic table
- Isotopes of Hydrogen
- Preparation of dihydrogen
- Properties of dihydrogen
- Uses of dihydrogen
- Preparation of Hydrogen Peroxide
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
- Preparation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
- Merck's. process (Laboratory method)
- By the action of sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid on hydrated barium peroxide BaO2.8H2O
- Industrial method
- By redox process
- Preparation of Deuterium
- Electrolysis of heavy water
- Preparation of Tritium
- Properties of Hydrogen
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties
- Chemical properties of Deuterium
- Deuterium exchange reactions
- Properties of Tritium
- Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide
- Compounds of Hydrogen
- Water
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties
- Hard and Soft Water
- Temporary Hardness and its removal
- Permanent Hardness
- Heavy Water
- Heavy water (D2O)
- Preparation
- Properties of heavy water
- Reactions
- Uses of heavy water
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Physical properties
- Chemical properties
- Uses of hydrogen peroxide
- Structure of hydrogen peroxide
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Hydrides
- Hydrides
- Classification of hydrides
- Saline or ionic hydrides
- Molecular or covalent hydrides
a. Electron-rich molecular hydrides
b. Electron-precise molecular hydrides
c. Electron-deficient molecular hydrides - Metallic or non-stoichiometric (or interstitial) hydrides
- Hydrogen Bonding - Introduction
- Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond
- Intermolecular hydrogen bond
5 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
- Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements
- The s-Block Elements
- Group 1 Elements - Alkali Metals
- Electronic configuration of group 1 elements
- Occurrence of group 1 elements
- Atomic and ionic radii of group 1 elements
- Ionization Enthalpy
- Electropositive character
- Electronegativity
- Hydration Enthalpy
- Anomalous properties
- Physical properties of group 1 elements
- Nature and appearance
- Density
- Conductivity
- Melting and boiling points
- Photoelectric effect
- Characteristic flame colour
- Atomic and physical properties of group 1 elements
- Chemical Properties - Reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen, halogens, Reducing nature, Solutions in liquid ammonia
- Uses of alkali metals: lithium, sodium, potassium
- General Characteristics of the Compounds of Alkali Metals
- Oxides and Hydroxides
- Properties of oxides and hydroxides
- Halides
- Salts of oxo-acids
- Important compounds of alkali metals
- Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3.10H2O (Washing soda)
- Sodium chloride NaCl (Cooking salt or Table salt)
- Sodium hydroxide
- Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 (Baking soda)
- Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
- Group 2 Elements - Alkaline Earth Metals
- General characteristics of alkaline earth metals
- Electronic configuration of group 2 elements
- Occurrence of group 2 elements
- Atomic and ionic radii of group 2 elements
- Ionization enthalpy of group 2 elements
- Electropositive character
- Electronegativity
- Hydration enthalpy
- Physical properties of group 2 elements
- Nature and appearance
- Density
- Conductivity
- Melting and boiling points
- Characteristic flame colour
- Atomic and physical properties of group 2 elements
- Chemical Properties - Reactivity towards air and water, halogens, hydrogen, Reducing nature, Covalent and ionic character, Solubility.
- Distinctive behavior of beryllium
- Solutions in liquid ammonia
- Reducing nature
- Reactivity towards acids
- Uses: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, barium, radium
- Important Compounds of Calcium Quick Lime, Cao
- Calcium hydroxide
- Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O)
- Plaster of paris
- Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium
- Role of Mg in biological system
- Role of Ca in biological system
6 Gaseous State
- The Gaseous State
- Measurable properties of gases
- Mass
- Volume
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Density
- Diffusion
- The Gas Laws
- The Gas Laws
- Standard variables for gas laws
- The volume (V)
- The pressure (P)
- The temperature (T)
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Ideal behaviour of gases
- Gases law: Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law
- Universal gas constant
- Ideal gas equation
- Ideal gas
- Nature of universal gas constant 'R'
- Values of universal gas constant 'R' in different units
- Combined gas equation
- Relation between density (d), molar mass (M), and pressure (P) of a gas
- Expression for Molar mass
- Mixture of Gases - Dalton’S Law of Partial Pressures
- Graham’ s Law of Diffusion
- Behaviour of Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
- Real gases
- Reasons for deviations
- van der Waals equation for real gases
- Effect of pressure
- Compressibility factor (Z)
- Effect of temperature
- Compressibility factor for real gases
- Pressure-Volume isotherms of Carbon dioxide
- Difference between Ideal gas and real gas
- Derivation of Critical Constants from Van Der Waals Constant
- Liquefaction of Gases and Critical Constant
7 Thermodynamics
- Thermodynamics
- System and Surrounding
- Types of systems
- Isolated system
- Closed system
- Open system
- Properties of the system
- Intensive and extensive properties
- Thermodynamic processes
- Types of processes
- Reversible process
- Irreversible Process
- Adiabatic process
- Isothermal process
- Isobaric process
- Isochoric process
- Cyclic process
- Compression processes
- Internal Energy (U)
- Characteristics of internal energy (U)
- Work(w)
- Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- First Law of Thermodynamics
- First law of thermodynamics
- Formulation of first law of thermodynamics
- First law of thermodynamics for various processes
- Isothermal process
- Adiabatic process
- Isochoric process
- Isobaric process
- Justification
- Mathematical expression
- Some useful conclusions are drawn from the law
- Limitations
- Expressions for the work done by an ideal gas under different conditions
- Enthalpy (H)
- Enthalpy
- Relationship between ∆H and ∆U for chemical reactions
- Work done in chemical reaction
- Enthalpy Change, ∆_rH of a Reaction - Reaction Enthalpy
- Thermochemical Equations
- Heat of combustion
- Molar heat capacities
- Relation between Cp and Cv for an ideal gas
- Thermochemical Equations
- Measurement of ΔU and ΔH Using Calorimetry
- ΔUMeasurements
- ΔH Measurements
- Applications of the heat of combustion
- Calculation of heat of formation
- Calculation of calorific value of food and fuels
- Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation
- Lattice Energy
- Born - Haber cycle
- Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Clausius' Statement
- Kelvin Planck's Statement
- Entropy
- Various Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Entropy statement
- Kelvin-Planck statement
- Clausius statement
- Spontaneity and Randomness
- Standard Entropy Change(ΔS0)
- Standard Entropy of Formation
- Entropy of vapourisation
- Entropy of transition
- Gibbs Free Energy (G)
- Criteria for spontaneity of a process
- Relationship between standard free energy change (ΔG0) and equilibrium constant (Keq)
- Third Law of Thermodynamics
8 Physical and Chemical Equilibrium
- Physical and Chemical Equilibrium
- Introduction
- Physical equilibrium
- Solid-liquid equilibrium
- Liquid - Vapour equilibrium
- Solid - Vapour equilibrium
- Equilibrium involving dissolution of solids or gases in liquids
- Solid in liquids
- Gas in liquids
- Introduction of Chemical Equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium
- Two types of chemical equilibrium
1) Homogeneous equilibrium
2) Heterogeneous equilibrium - Characteristics of equilibria involving chemical processes
- Graphical representation of chemical equilibrium
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Equilibria
- Homogeneous equilibrium
- Heterogeneous equilibrium
- Equilibrium Constants
- Equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc)
- Relation between Kp and Kc
- Equilibrium constants for heterogeneous equilibrium
- Applications of Equilibrium Constants
- Prediction of the direction of the reaction
- To know the extent of reaction
- To calculate equilibrium concentrations
- Link between chemical equilibrium and chemical kinetics
- Le-Chatelier's Principle
- Effect of concentration
- Effect of pressure
- Effect of temperature
- Effect of a catalyst
- Effect of inert gas
- Van't Hoff Equation
9 Solutions
- Solutions
- Introduction
- Types of Solutions
- Gaseous Solutions
- Liquid Solutions
- Solid Solutions
- Expressing Concentration of Solutions
- Mass percentage (w/w)
- Volume percentage (V/V)
- Mass by volume percentage (w/V)
- Parts per million
- Mole fraction
- Molarity
- Molality
- Standard solutions and working standards
- Advantages of using standard solutions
- Solubility of the Solutes
- Factors influencing the solubility
- Nature of solute and solvent
- Effect of temperature
- Solid solute in liquid solvent
- Gaseous solute in liquid solvent
- Effect of pressure
- Henry's Law
- Limitations of Henry’s law
- Vapour Pressure of Liquid
- Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions - Introduction
- Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
- Ideal Solutions
- Non-ideal Solutions
- Non-ideal solutions - positive deviation from Rauolt's Law
- Non-ideal solutions - negative deviation from Rauolt's Law
- Factors responsible for deviation from Raoult’s law
- Solute-solvent interactions
- Dissociation of solute
- Association of solute
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Concentration
- Colligative Properties
- Relative lowering of vapour pressure
- Determination of molar mass from relative lowering of vapour pressure
- Osmosis and osmotic pressure
- Isotonic solutions
- Reverse Osmosis (RO)
- Abnormal Molar Masses
- Abnormal molecular masses
a) Association of solute particles
b) Dissociation of solute particles - Van't Hoff Factor
- Significance of van't Hoff factor
a) Degree of dissociation
b) Degree of association
- Abnormal molecular masses
10 Chemical Bonding
- Introduction of Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bond
- Causes of chemical combination
i) Tendency to acquire stability
ii) Tendency to acquire noble gas configuration
- Types of Chemical Bonds
- Covalent bonds
- Representing a covalent bond - Lewis structure (Lewis dot structure)
- Formal charge
- Lewis structures for exceptions to octet rule
- Molecules with electron deficient central atoms
- Molecules containing odd electrons
- Molecules with expanded valence shells
- Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
- Ionic bond or Electrovalent bond
- Mechanism of formation of ionic bond
- Lattice enthalpy
- Factors affecting the formation of an ionic bond
i) Low ionization enthalpy
ii) High negative electron gain enthalpy
iii) Large lattice enthalpy - Characteristics of ionic or electrovalent compounds
- Difference between ionic bond and covalent bond
- Covalent character in ionic bond
- Fajan's rules
- Coordinate Covalent Bond
- Bond Parameters
- Bond Parameters
- Bond length
- Bond order
- Bond angle
- Bond enthalpy
- Resonance
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
- VSEPR theory
- Main postulates of VSEPR theory
- Geometry of some molecules
- Geometry of some molecules
- Steps to predict the molecular geometry using VSEPR theory
- Valence Bond Theory
- Postulates of Valence Bond Theory
- Interacting forces during covalent bond formation
i) Force of repulsion
ii) Force of attraction - Formation of hydrogen molecule on the basis of valence bond theory (VBT)
- Overlap of atomic orbitals
- Limitation of VBT
- Valence Bond Theory - Orbital Overlap Concept
- Sigma and Pi bonds
- Formation of hydrogen (H2) Molecule
- Formation of fl uorine molecule (F2)
- Formation of HF molecule
- Formation of oxygen molecule (O2)
- Hybridisation
- Hybridisation - Introduction
- Salient features of hybridisation, Important conditions for hybridisation
- Types of hybridisation and geometry of molecules
- Bonding in Ethylene
- Formation of sigma bond
- Formation of Pi (π ) bond
- Bonding in acetylene
- Hybridisation - Introduction
- Molecular Orbital Theory
- Formation of molecular orbitals
- Conditions for the combination of Atomic Orbitals
- Types of molecular orbitals
- Energy levels and electronic configuration
- Key ideas of MO theory
- MO description of simple diatomic Molecules
11 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
- Introduction to Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
- Characteristics of organic compounds
- Classification of Organic Compounds
- Classification based on carbon skeleton
- Classification based on functional group
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
- Common Naming System
- IUPAC Nomenclature
- Structural Representation of Organic Compounds
- Molecular models
- Three dimensional representation of organic molecules
- Fisher projection formula
- Sawhorse projection formula
- Newman projection formula
- Isomerism in Organic Compounds
- Constitutional isomers (Formerly structural isomers)
- Chain or nuclear or skeletal isomerism
- Position isomerism
- Functional isomerism
- Metamerism
- Tautomerism
- Stereoisomerism
- Geometrical isomerism
- Optical Isomerism
- Enantiomerism and optical activity
- Conditions for enantiomerism or optical isomerism
- Detection of Elements in Organic Compounds
- Introduction
- Detection of carbon and hydrogen
- Estimation of Elements
- Estimation of carbon and hydrogen
- Oxygen supply
- Combustion tube
- Absorption Apparatus
- Estimation of halogens: carius method
- Estimation of phosphorus
- Estimation of nitrogen
- Kjeldahls method
- Introduction of Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
12 Basic Concept of Organic Reactions
- Basic Concept of Organic Reactions
- Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism
- Fission of a covalent bond
- Homolytic Cleavage
- Heterolytic Cleavage
- Hybridisation of carbon in carbocation
- Nucleophiles and elctrophiles
- Electron movement in organic reactions
- Electron displacement effects in co-valent bonds
- Different Types of Organic Reactions
- Substitution reaction (Displacement reaction)
- Addition reactions
- Functional Group inter conversion
13 Hydrocarbons
- Introduction and Classification of Alkanes
- Alkanes
- Isomerism in alkanes
- Conformations in alkanes
- Industrial preparation of alkanes
- Physical properties of alkanes
- Chemical properties of alkanes
- Uses of alkanes
- Alkenes
- Isomerism in alkenes
- Preparation of alkenes
- Physical properties of alkenes
- Chemical properties of alkenes
- Uses of alkenes
- Alkynes
- Isomerism in alkynes
- Preparation of alkynes
- Physical properties of alkynes
- Chemical properties of alkynes
- Uses of acetylene
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Benzene
- Structure of benzene
- Aromatic character (Huckel Rule)
- Preparation of aromatic compounds
- Physical properties of benzene
- Chemical properties of benzene
- Directive influence of a functional group in monosubstituted benzene
- Carcinogenicity and Toxicity
14 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Introduction to Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Classification of Organic Halogen Compounds
- Haloalkanes
- Nomenclature
- Nature of C – X bond in haloalkane
- Methods of preparation
- Physical Properties
- Chemical properties
- Organo Metallic Compounds
- Preparation
- Uses of Grignard reagent
- Haloarenes
- Nomenclature of haloarenes
- Nature of C- X bond in haloarenes
- Methods of preparation
- Physical properties
- Chemical properties
- Poly Halogen Compounds
- Preparation
- Physical Properties
- Chemical properties
- Methylene chloride (Di chloromethane) Preparation
- Trihaloalkane
- Tetra haloalkane
- DDT (p,p’-dichloro diphenyl tri-chloro ethane)
15 Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Pollution - Introduction
- Bio-degradable pollutants
- Non bio-degradable pollutants
- Water Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Noise Pollution
- Atmospheric Pollution
- Stratospheric Pollution
- Stratospheric Pollution
- Formation and Breakdown of Ozone
- The Ozone Hole
- Effects of Depletion of the Ozone Layer
- Stratospheric Pollution
- Types of Environmental Pollution
- Air pollution
- Gaseous air pollutants
- Greenhouse effect and Global warming
- Acid Rain
- Water pollution
- Soil pollution
- Particulate matter (Particulate pol-lutants)
- Types of Particulates
- Health effects of particulate pollutants
- Techniques to reduce particulate pollutants
- Water Pollution and Its Causes
- Water Pollution
- Types of Water Pollutants
- Causes of Water Pollution
- Reasons of Water Pollution
- Quality of Drinking Water
- Soil Pollution - Pesticides, Herbicides
- Soil pollution
- Sources of soil pollution
- Dumping of non-biodegradable waste
- Acid rain
- Radioactive substances
- Pesticides
- Herbicides
- Artificial fertilizers
- Pesticides
- Fungicides
- Biomagnification
- Strategies to Control Environmental Pollution
- Strategy to control environmental pollution
- Incineration
- Digestion
- Collection and disposal
- Sewage treatment
- Other strategies
- Green Chemistry - Introduction
