Zoology HSC Science Class 11 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2024-25

• Diversity in the Living World
• Biodiversity
• Types of Biodiversity

1. Genetic Biodiversity
2. Species Biodiversity
3. Ecological Biodiversity

• Taxonomy
• Systematics
• Classification of Taxonomy

1. Plant Taxonomy
2. Animal Taxonomy

• Three Domains of life

• Domain Archaea
• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

• Taxon

• The classical taxonomical tools
• Molecular taxonomical tools
• Automated species identification tools

• Levels of organisation

• Cellular level of organisation
• Tissue level of organisation
• Organ system level of organisation

• Diploblastic and Triploblastic organisation
• Patterns of symmetry
• Coelom
• Segmentation and Notochord

• Parazoa
• Eumetazoa

1. Radiata
2. Bilateria

• Division 1: Protostomia
• Division 2: Deuterostomia 

• Earthworms
• Classification of earthworm
• Economic importance of earthworm

• Cockroach - Periplaneta americana
• Biological classification of cockroach
• Various kinds of cockroaches

• Frog - Rana hexadactyla
• Biological classification of frog
• Differences between a Frog and Toad
• Economic importance of frog

• Structure of the alimentary canal
• Histology of the Gut
• Digestive glands

• Digestion in the buccal cavity
• Digestion in the stomach
• Digestion in the small intestine

• Absorption
• It is carried out by various processes:

1. Passive Absorption
   ⇒ Process
   a) Simple diffusion
   b) Osmosis
   c) Facilitated transport
2. Active absorption

• Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol
• Absorption in different parts of the alimentary canal
• Assimilation

• Vitamins
• Minerals

• Human Respiratory System

• Mechanism of Respiration
• Steps of Respiration

• Exchange of Gases - in Humans

• Transport of oxygen
• Transport of Carbon–dioxide

• Neural control
  1) Respiratory rhythm centre
  2) Pneumotaxic centre
• Chemical Control
  1) Chemosensitive Area
  2) Chemoreceptors

Disorders of the respiratory system

• Emphysema
• Chronic bronchitis
• Acute bronchitis
• Sinusitis
• Laryngitis
• Pneumonia
• Asthma
• Occupational Respiratory Disorderssilicosis, asbestosis

• Plasma
• Formed elements

• Red blood cells

• Blood groups

• ABO blood grouping

• Coagulation of blood
• Composition of lymph and its functions

• Blood Vessels: Structure and Functions
• Capillaries

• Types of Closed Circulation:

1. Single circulation
2. Double circulation
   - Systemic circulation
   - Pulmonary circulation
   - Coronary circulation

• Hepatic Portal System

• Disorders of the Circulatory System:

1. Hypertension/ High blood pressure: Normal blood pressure
2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or Atherosclerosis
3. Angina / Angina pectoris
4. Heart Failure: Myocardial infarction (Heart failure), Cardiac arrest, Heart attack, Stroke
5. Rheumatoid Heart Disease

• Angiogram
• Angioplasty
• Bypass Surgery
• Heart Transplantation
• Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

• Modes of Excretion

1. Ammonotelism
2. Ureotelism 
3. Uricotelism 

• Nephridiopores
• Types of nephridia

1. Protonephridia
2. Metanephridia

• Introduction
• Human Excretory System Organs
• Excretion in Humans
• Mechanism of Excretion in Humans
• Dialysis

• Ultrafiltration
• Reabsorption
• Tubular secretion (Renal Secretion)
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Collecting duct

• Osmoregulation
• Regulation of Kidney Function

1. Renin-Angiotensin,
2. Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
3. ADH and Diabetes Inspidus

• Urine

• Excretory role of skin
• Excretory role of lungs
• Excretory role of liver

• Kidney stones
• Uremia
• Nephritis
• Renal Failure
• Diabetes
• Urinary tract infection
• Haemodialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis 
• Kidney transplant
• Renal Calculi
• Glomerulonephritis

• Types of movement
  1) Amoeboid movement
  2) Ciliary movement
  3) Muscular movement

• Structure of a skeletal muscle fibre

• Structure of Contractile Proteins

1. Actin filament
2. Myosin filament

• Mechanism of muscle contraction
• Steps of muscle contraction

• Isotonic contraction
• Isometric contraction

• The Skull 
• The Vertebral Column
• The Sternum (Chest bone)
• The Rib cage

• The Upper limb
• The Lower limb
• Structure of a typical long bone

• Synarthroses
• Sutures
• Syndesmoses
• Gomphoses
  A. Cartilagenous or slightly movable joints - Synchondroses, Symphysis
  B. Synovial joints or freely movable joints - Pivot joint, Ball and socket joint, Hinge joint, Condyloid joint, Gliding joint, Saddle joint.

• Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System -

1. Myasthenia gravis
2. Tetany
3. Muscular dystrophy
4. Arthritis
5. Osteoporosis
6. Gout

1. Health Benefits
   (a) Reduces risk of Cardiovascular Disease
   (b) Weight Management
   (c) Strengthens Bones and Muscles
   (d) Reduces risk of some Cancers
   (e) Reduces risk of Falls
2. Provides Stress Relief
3. Increases Happiness
4. Promotes Self-Efficacy
5. Promotes Social Cohesion
6. Enhances Value Orientation
7. Cognitive Benefits
   (a) Attention Control
   (b) Improves Memory
8. Mental Health Benefits
   (a) Exercise as therapy for emotional disorder
   (b) Fitness as moderator of life stress
   (c) Runners High
   
9. Psychological Well-being
10. Personality Enhancement
11. Develops Leadership Qualities
12. Special Population
    (a) Clinical Population
    (b) Elderly Population

• Mechanism and healing of a bone fracture

1. Formation of haematoma
2. Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus 
3. Formation of Bony callus 
4. Remodeling of Bone

• Central Nervous System
• Different regions of Brain and its functions

• Reflexes
• Types of actions

1. Voluntary actions 
2. Involuntary actions

• Photoreceptor - Eye
• Phonoreceptor
• Olfactory receptors

Human Endocrine System

• Properties of Hormones 
• Mechanism of hormone action 

• Mechanism of Hormone Action
• Hormones and their types
• Target cells have specific receptors

• Stethoscope
• Clinical significance of stethoscope
• Sphygmomanometer
• Types of sphygmomanometer
• Clinical Significance
• Glucometer
• Significance
• Autoanalyser

• EEG – Electroencephalogram
• Clinical significance of EEG
• X-rays
• Ultrasound imaging
• Computed Tomographic (CT)
• Positron Emission Tomographic Scanning (PET)
• MRI-Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Pacemakers
• Medical LASER

• Blood Cell Counting using Haemocytometer
• Preparation of Blood Smear
• Differential Count 

• Vermicomposting
• Advantages of Using Vermicompost

• Introduction
• The Life Cycle of Silk Worm

• Advantages of Aquaponic gardening

• Fish culture
• Prawn Culture 
• Pearl Culture

• Poultry Farming
• Duck Farming