Topics
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
- Introduction to the Rise of Nationalism in Europe
- The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
- The Making of Nationalism in Europe
- Introduction to the Making of Nationalism in Europe
- The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
- What Did Liberal Nationalism Stand For?
- A New Conservatism After 1815
- The Revolutionaries
- The Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1848
- Introduction to the Age of Revolutions: 1830 - 1848
- The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
- Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
- 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals
- The Making of Germany and Italy
- Germany - Can the Army Be the Architect of a Nation?
- Italy Unified
- The Strange Case of Britain
- Visualising the Nation
- Nationalism and Imperialism
Power-sharing
- Belgium and Sri Lanka
- Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
- Accommodation in Belgium
- Forms of Power-sharing
India and the Contemporary World 2
Resources and Development
- Types - Natural and Human
- Need for Resource Planning
- Natural Resources
- Concept of Land as a Resource
- Types of Soil
- Changing Land-use Pattern
- Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
- Soil Erosion
- Soil Conservation
Resources and Development
- Introduction to Resources and Development
- Types of Resources
- Development of Resources
- Resource Planning
- Land Resources
- Land Utilisation
- Land Use Pattern in India
- Land Degradation and Conservation Measures
- Soil as a Resource
Development
- Concept for Traditional Notion of Development
- Concept for National Income and Percapita Income
- Concept of Growth of National Income
- Critical Appraisal of Existing Development Indicators (PCI, IMR, SR and Other Income and Health Indicators)
- Need for Health and Educational Development
- Human Development Indicators (Holistic Measure of Development)
India and the Contemporary World 2
Power Sharing
- Concept for Power Shared in Democracies
- Concept for Federal Division of Power in India Helped National Unity
- Concept for Decentralisation - to What Extent Has Decentralisation Achieved this Objective
- Democracy Accommodate Different Social Groups
Development
- What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
- Income and Other Goals
- National Development
- Comparison Between Different Countries Or States
- Income and Other Criteria
- Public Facilities
- Sustainability of Development
Federalism
- Concept of Federalism
- India a Federal Country
- How is Federalism Practised?
- Decentralisation in India
Nationalism in India
- Introduction to Nationalism in India
- The First World War, Khilafat and Non-cooperation
- The Idea of Satyagraha
- The Rowlatt Act
- Why Non-cooperation?
- Differing Strands Within the Movement
- The Movement in the Towns
- Rebellion in the Countryside
- Swaraj in the Plantations
- Towards Civil Disobedience
- The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
- How Participants Saw the Civil Disobedience Movement
- The Limits of Civil Disobedience
- The Sense of Collective Belonging
Sectors of the Indian Economy
- Sectors of Economic Activities
- Comparing the Three Sectors
- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
- Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
- Sectors in Terms of Ownership - Public and Private Sectors
Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Concept of Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Flora and Fauna in India
- Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Flora and Fauna in India
- Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
- Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
- Community and Conservation
Federalism
- Concept of Federalism
- What Makes India a Federal Country?
- How is Federalism Practised?
- Decentralisation in India
Contemporary India 2
Sectors of the Indian Economy
- Sectors of Economic Activities
- Historical Change in Economic Sectors
- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
- Concept for Employment Generation
- Division of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised
- Protective Measures for Unorganised Sector Workers
Contemporary India 2
The Making of a Global World
- Concept of the Pre-modern World
- The Nineteenth Century (1815 - 1914)
- A World Economy Takes Shape
- Role of Technology
- Late Nineteenth-century Colonialism
- Rinderpest, Or the Cattle Plague
- Indentured Labour Migration from India
- Indian Entrepreneurs Abroad
- Indian Trade, Colonialism and the Global System
- The Inter-war Economy
- Wartime Transformations
- Post-war Recovery
- Rise of Mass Production and Consumption
- The Great Depression
- India and the Great Depression
- Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era
- Post-war Settlement and the Bretton Woods Institutions
- The Early Post-war Years
- Decolonisation and Independence
- End of Bretton Woods and the Beginning of ‘Globalisation’
Water Resources
- Water Scarcity and the Need for Water Conservation and Management
- Multi-purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
- Rainwater Harvesting
Democratic Politics 2
Democratic Politics 2
Water Resources
- Sources of Water Resources
- Distribution of Water Resources
- Utilisation of Water Resources
- Multi-purpose Projects of Water
- Scarcity of Water
- Need for Conservation and Management of Water
- Fresh Water Management
Democracy and Diversity
- A Story from Mexico Olympics
- Differences, Similarities, Divisions
- Politics of Social Divisions
Money and Credit
- Role of Money in an Economy
- Formal and Informal Financial Institutions for Savings and Credit
- Formal Institution - Nationalized Commercial Bank
- Informal Institutions - Local Money Lenders, Landlords, Self Help Groups, Chit Funds and Private Finance Companies
Democracy and Diversity
- Divisions Inherent to the Working of Democracy
- Effect of Caste on Politics and of Politics on Caste
- Gender Division Shaped Politics
- Communal Divisions Affect Democracy
Money and Credit
- Money as a Medium of Exchange
- Modern Forms of Money
- Loan Activities of Banks
- Two Different Credit Situations
- Terms of Credit
- Formal Sector Credit in India
- Self-help Groups for the Poor
Agriculture
- Types of Farming
- Concept for Major Crops
- Concept for Crop Pattern
- Technological and Institutional Reforms for Agriculture
- Contribution of Agriculture to National Economy-employment and Output
Globalisation and the Indian Economy
- Introduction to Globalisation and the Indian Economy
- Production Across Countries
- Interlinking Production Across Countries
- Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
- Globalisation
- Factors that Have Enabled Globalisation
- World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- Impact of Globalisation in India
- The Struggle for a Fair Globalisation
The Age of Industrialisation
- Introduction to the Age of Industrialisation
- Before the Industrial Revolution
- Hand Labour and Steam Power
- Concept of Hand Labour and Steam Power
- Life of the Workers
- Industrialisation in the Colonies
- The Age of Indian Textiles
- What Happened to Weavers?
- Manchester Comes to India
- Factories Come up
- The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
- Market for Goods
Gender, Religion and Caste
- Gender and Politics
- Religion, Communalism and Politics
- Caste and Politics
- Religious Diversity
- Inequalities in a Triangle
Gender, Religion and Caste
- Gender and Politics
- Women’s Political Representation
- Religion, Communalism and Politics
- Caste and Politics
Understanding Economic Development
Agriculture
- Types of Farming
- Cropping Pattern
- Technological and Institutional Reforms for Agriculture
- Contribution of Agriculture to National Economy-employment and Output
- Impact of Globalisation on Agriculture
Globalisation and the Indian Economy
- Production Across Countries
- Foreign Trade and Integration of Markets
- Concept of Globalization and Factors
- World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- Impact and Fair Globalization
Understanding Economic Development
Popular Struggles and Movements
- Concept of Popular Struggles and Movements
- Mobilisation and Organisations
- Pressure Groups and Movements
Consumer Rights
- Consumer is Exploitation
- Factors Causing Exploitation of Consumers
- Rise of Consumer Awareness
- How a Consumer Should Be in a Market
- Role of Government in Consumer Protection
Minerals and Energy Resources
- What is a Mineral?
- Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
- Conservation of Minerals
- Hazards of Mining
- Energy Resources
- Conservation of Energy Resources
Print Culture and the Modern World
- Introduction to Print Culture and the Modern World
- The First Printed Books
- Print Comes to Europe
- Print Comes to Europe - Introduction
- Gutenberg and the Printing Press
- The Print Revolution and Its Impact
- A New Reading Public
- Religious Debates and the Fear of Print
- Print and Dissent
- The Reading Mania
- The Nineteenth Century
- India and the World of Print
- Religious Reform and Public Debates
- New Forms of Publication
- Introduction to New Forms of Publication
- Women and Print
- Print and the Poor People
- Print and Censorship
Data Filling
- Data Filling
Popular Struggles and Movements
- Popular Struggles in Nepal and Bolivia
- Movement for Democracy in Nepal
- Bolivia’s Water War
- Democracy and Popular Struggles
- Mobilisation and Organisations
- Pressure Groups and Movements
Consumer Rights
- Concept of Consumer Rights
- The Consumer in the Marketplace
- Consumer Movement
- Consumer Rights - Safety is Everyone’s Right
- Taking the Consumer Movement Forward
Minerals and Energy Resources
- Classification of Minerals
- Distribution of Minerals and Energy Resources
- Use and Economic Importance of Minerals
- Conservation of Minerals
- Types of Power Resources - Conventional Sources
- Types of Power Resources - Non-conventional Sources
- Distribution and Utilization and Conservation of Power Resources
- Conservation of Energy Resources
Political Parties
- Role Do Political Parties Play in Competition and Contestation
- Major National and Regional Parties in India/ Types of Political Parties
Manufacturing Industries
- Types of Manufacturing Industries
- Concept of Spatial Distribution
- Contribution of Industry to National Economy
- Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
- Measures to Control Degradation
Political Parties
- Why Do We Need Political Parties?
- How Many Parties Should We Have?
- National Parties
- State Parties
- Challenges to Political Parties
- How Can Parties Be Reformed?
Manufacturing Industries
- Importance of Manufacturing
- Contribution of Industry to National Economy
- Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
- Control of Environmental Degradation
Life Lines of National Economy
- Importance of Means of Communication and Transportation
- Concept for Trade and Tourism
Outcomes of Democracy
- How Do We Assess Democracy’S Outcomes?
- Accountable, Responsive and Legitimate Government
- Economic Growth and Development
- Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
- Accommodation of Social Diversity
- Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
Outcomes of Democracy
- Democracy Be Judged and Outcomes
- Concept for Outcomes Reasonably Expect of Democracies
- Democracy in India and Expectations
- Concep for Democracy Led to Development, Security and Dignity for the People
- Sustains Democracy in India
Lifelines of National Economy
- Introduction to Lifelines of National Economy
- Roadways Transport
- Railways Transport
- Pipelines
- Waterways Transport
- Airways Transport
- Communication and Mass Media
- International Trade
Challenges to Democracy
- Thinking About Challenges
- Different Contexts, Different Challenges
- Different Types of Challenges
- Political Reforms
- Redefining Democracy
Challenges to Democracy
- Idea of Democracy Shrinking
- Major Challenges to Democracy in India
- Concept for Democracy Be Reformed and Deepened
- Concept for Role Ordinary Citizen Play in Deepening Democracy
Livelihoods, Economies and Societies
- Concept of the Pre-modern World
- Nineteenth Century Global Economy, Colonialism
- The Inter-war Economy
- A World Economy Takes Shape
- Proto-industrialization and Pace of Industrial Change
- Life of Workers
- Industrialization in the Colonies
- Early Entrepreneurs and Workers
- The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
- Market for Goods
- Development of Modern Cities Due to Industrialization in London and Bombay
- Housing and Land Reclamation
- Social Changes in the Cities
- Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
Events and Processes
- Growth of Nationalism in Europe After the 1830s.
- Ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini
- Characteristics of the Movements in Poland, Hungary,Italy, Germany and Greece
- Factors Leading to Growth of Nationalism in Indo-china
- French Colonialism in Indo-china
- Phases of Struggle Against the French
- The Ideas of Phan Chu Trinh
- The Ideas Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh
- Second World War and the Liberation Struggle.
- America and the Vietnam War
- Impact of First World War, Khilafat, Non- Cooperation
- Differing Strands Within the Movement
- The Limits of Civil Disobedience
- The Sense of Collective Belonging
- Salt Satyagraha
- Movements of Peasants, Workers, Tribals.
Everyday Life, Culture and Politics
- History of Print in Europe.
- The Nineteenth Century
- Relationship Between Print Culture, Public Debate and Politics
- Emergence of the Novel as a Genre in the West
- Relationship Between the Novel and Changes in Modern Society
- Early Novels in Nineteenth Century India
- Study of Two Or Three Major Writers
Classification of Minerals:
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Non-metal Minerals | Mica, Sulphur, Gypsum, Potash, Graphite, Diamond, Feldspar |
| Metal Minerals | Iron, Gold, Silver, Tin, Bauxite, Manganese, Platinum, and Tungsten |
| Energy Minerals | Coal, Mineral Oil, Natural Gas |
Gems and Gem-like Minerals: These minerals are used as gems in jewellery and have high demand because of their beauty and value. For example: Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald, Jade, Zircon
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