Question

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which the testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It can also lead to compromised Sertoli cell function and has an impact on Leydig cell function.

1. Identify at least 3 parameters of male fertility which get affected due to cryptorchidism.
2. Which process will be affected if mature spermatids are not released from Sertoli cells?
3. Name and explain one assisted reproductive technology (ART process) in which the sperm/semen is used to assist fertilization.
4. Name and explain the assisted reproductive technology that should be used to complete the development of embryos I and II shown in the figure given below.

Answer 1

1.    
   • Sperm count decreases, spermatogenesis is impaired;
   • Spermatids do not get nourishment to develop into spermatozoa thus spermiogenesis will be affected;
   • Leydig cells synthesize and secrete androgen hormones (like testosterone) so secretion of androgens will be affected.
2. Spremiation
3. Artificial insemination (AI) technique. In this technique, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI: intra- uterine insemination) of the female.
   OR
   Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is another specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
4. The zygote or early embryos (with upto 8 blastomeres) could be transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT: zygote intra fallopian transfer); embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, into the uterus (IUT: intra uterine transfer), to complete its further development.