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प्रश्न
Define Hamburger’s phenomenon. Add a note on it.
उत्तर
Hamburger’s phenomenon or chloride shift refers to diffusion of chloride ions into the RBCs of to maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma.
The rate of formation of carbonic acid inside the RBC is very high as compared to its formation in the plasma. Carbonic acid being unstable almost immediately dissociates into HCO3 − and H+ in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) leading to accumulation of large amount of HCO3 − inside the RBCs.
CO2 + H2O →CA ← H2CO3 →CA ← H+ + HCO3 − It thus, moves out of the RBCs causing an imbalance of the charge inside the RBCs. To maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma, Cl- diffuses into the RBCs.
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| Column – I | Column – II |
| (P) Tidal volume | i. 1000 to 1100 ml |
| (Q) Residual volume | ii. 500 ml |
| (R) Expiratory reserve volume | iii. 2500 to 3000 ml |
| (S) Inspiratory reserve volume | iv. 1100 to 1200 ml |
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| 1. Residual volume | 2500 mL |
| 2. Vital capacity | 5500 mL |
| 3. Inspiratory sore volume | 1200 mL |
| 4. Total Lung capacity | 4500 mL |
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