Question

Describe any three types of tourism.

Explain any four types of tourism with examples.

Answer 1

1. Local and Interstate Tourism:
   • Local and Interstate tourism involves residents of one country travelling only within that country.
   • This kind of tourism is not very overwhelming because it is within one’s own country.
   • Also, it does not cause difficulties with language, procuring currency and documents.
   • Moreover, this kind of tourism can be planned at a time suitable to the individual.
2. International Tourism:
   • International tourism is an important type of tourism. It refers to tourism that crosses national borders.
   • Due to the availability of railway, marine and air transport, it has become easier to travel abroad. There is a trans-European railway route. Marine transport has linked the coastal regions and aviation has brought the entire world closer.
   • Moreover, due to the economic liberalisation policy of the Indian government (1991), the number of people travelling back and forth from India has increased greatly. People nowadays travel for studies, relaxation, sightseeing, shooting of films, professional assignments like meetings, agreements, etc.
   • Various official documents are to be obtained for travelling abroad, for example, a passport, visa, etc.
3. Historical Tourism:
   • Historical tourism refers to a kind of tourism, where the tour focuses on the history; history of some place, people, things or events. It helps people satisfy their interest in history.
   • In India, tours are arranged to different historical places and important historical sites such as forts in Rajasthan, ashrams of Mahatma Gandhi and Acharya Vinoba Bhave, important places related to the Indian War of Independence (1857), etc.
   • Gopal Neelkanth Dandekar, a renowned Marathi writer, used to arrange hiking tours to forts in Maharashtra to explore the sights closely linked to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his achievements.
4. Geographic Tourism:
   • Geographic tourism involves visiting places to observe the special geographical features of a region.
   • In order to satisfy this curiosity, tourists visit various natural & animal sanctuaries, beaches and unique geographical wonders like the Crater lake at Lonar & Ranjan Khalge (naturally carved out cavities in rocks) at Nighoj in Maharashtra.
5. Health Tourism:
   • Health Tourism involves travelling for the purpose of receiving medical treatment or improving health or fitness.
   • In India, the health services and facilities available are cheaper compared to other countries. Even though the standard of these facilities is good, people from western countries undertake this type of tourism.
   • Besides, tourists from countries with cold climates visit India to get ample sunlight.
   • Learning Yoga and undertaking ayurvedic therapies are some other reasons for this type of tourism.
6. Agro-Tourism:
   • Today, agro-tourism, also known as agri-tourism, is developing rapidly.
   • It is specially meant for the urban population who have very little exposure to rural life and agriculture.
   • Indian farmers, nowadays, visit distant regions like agricultural research centres and agricultural universities.
   • Farmers also visit countries like Israel, where experiments in advanced agricultural technology are carried out.
7. Sports Tourism:
   • Sports Tourism, developed in the 20th century, refers to travel that involves attending a sporting event.
   • Various sports events are organised at the international level, national level, and state level.
   • The Olympics, Wimbledon, World Chess Championship matches, and International Cricket Tournaments, etc., are some examples of sports events organised at the international level; an event like the Himalayan Car Rally is organised at the national level, and the Maharashtra Kesari Wrestling competitions, etc, are organised at the state level.
8. Tourism based on Special Events:
   • Travelling to and staying in places outside the usual environment for a specific purpose and for a fixed period of time is known as ‘tourism’.
   • People who love to travel look for special reasons to go on a tour and in the 21st century, it has become common to organise such events.
   • Film festivals, various types of seminars and conferences, international book exhibitions, library festivals, etc., are examples of special events. People from different regions come to attend these events.
   • For instance, every year, many literature enthusiasts from Maharashtra come to attend the Akhil Bhartiya Marathi Sammelan [Pan India Literary Convention], which is held annually in different places in India.