Question

Discuss in detail about ACL.

Answer 1

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the major stabilising ligaments of the knee. It runs diagonally in the middle of the knee. It holds the tibia in place and keeps it from sliding and moving in front of the femur bone. It provides rotational stability to the knee. Most ACL injuries happen during sports and fitness activities. These give stress to the knees. Depending upon the severity, Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury can be classified mainly into three types: 

1. Grade 1 (Mild) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: In this, the ligament is mildly damaged. It becomes slightly stretched but is still able to help keep the knee joint stable.
2. Grade 2 (Moderate) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: In this, the ligament stretches to the point where it becomes loose. This is often referred to as a partial tear of the ligament.
3. Grade 3 (Severe) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: In this, the ligament is completely torn. It splits into two pieces and the knee joint becomes unstable.

Causes of ACL Injuries

1. Sudden slowing down and changing direction (cutting).
2. Pivoting while the foot is firmly planted.
3. Landing incorrectly from a jump.
4. Stopping suddenly.
5. Receiving a direct blow to the knee or collision, such as a football tackle.

Symptoms

1. A loud pop or a popping sensation in the knee.
2. Severe pain and inability to continue an activity.
3. Swelling that begins within a few hours of getting hit.
4. Loss in the range of motion.
5. A feeling of instability or "giving way" with weight bearing.

First Aid

It involves "P.R.I.C.E.R" (Protection, Rest, Ice application, Compression, Elevation, and Referral).

1. Protect the area from further injury.
2. Provide rest and stop using the injured part.
3. Apply ice over the affected area.
4. Compress the area and apply proper bandaging to avoid movement.
5. Elevate the injured part.
6. At last, refer the casualty to a competent doctor.