Question

Discuss the Divine Origin Theory of Caste.

Answer 1

This theory has been outlined in the Purushasukta of the Rig Veda. It states that the four castes originated from the different body parts of Brahma – the Divine Supreme being. The place of origin for each varna indicates its function in the society.

1. Brahmins – mouth- related to speech and thus the bearers of knowledge
2. Kshatriyas – arms – related to strength and bravery and thus the warrior caste
3. Vaishyas – thighs – near the stomach and providers of food and economic wellbeing of society.
4. Shudras – from the feet of the creator and thus their duty is to serve everyone as the feet serve the other parts of the body.

This theory has been supported by Manu and the Bhagvad Gita.

Demerits:

1. It is unscientific.
2. In reality, Jati and not varna is the actual basis of caste. This theory considers varna to be the actual basis.
3. This arrangement blocks an individual’s progress by restricting him/her to her caste-based occupations.
4. A fourfold division of caste is an oversimplification. There are many subcastes that exist in the society but have not been included in the fold of the theory. For example, the Dalits.