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प्रश्न
Expand GMO. How is it different from a hybrid?
उत्तर
GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism. It differs from a hybrid because in a hybrid, cross is done between total genomes of two species or strains, whereas in a GMO, foreign gene(s) is introduced in the organism, and is usually maintained as the extra-chromosomal entity or is integrated into the genome of the organism.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
In the following questions/statements has four suggested answers. Rewrite the correct answer
Bt cotton is resistant to:
(A) Insects
(B) Herbicides
(C) Salt
(D) Drought
Answer the following question.
List one advantage and one disadvantage of an apomictic crop.
Bt Cotton is resistant to ______.
At what temperature milk gets pasteurised?
Silencing of a gene could be achieved through tee use ______.
Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can:
- Reduce usage of chemical pesticides
- Enhance nutritional value of food crops
Insects in the Lepidopteran group lay eggs on maize crops. The larvae on hatching feed on maize leaf and tender cob. In order to arrest the spread of three such Lepidopteran pests, Bt maize crops were introduced in an experimental field.
A study was carried out to see which of the three species of lepidopteran pests was most susceptible to Bt genes and its product.
The lepidopteran pests were allowed to feed on the same Bt-maize crops grown on 5 fields (A-E).
The graph below shows the leaf area damaged by these three pests after feeding on maize leaves for five days.
Key for lepidopteran insect pest species
 |
Species I |
 |
Species II |
 |
Species III |
Insect gut pH was recorded as 10, 8 and 6 respectively for Species I, II and III respectively.
(a) Evaluate the efficacy of the Bt crop on the feeding habits of the three species of stem borer and suggest which species is least susceptible to Bt toxin.
(b) Which species is most susceptible to Bt-maize, and explain why?
(c) Using the given information, suggest why a similar effect was not seen in the three insect species.
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RNA interference (RNAi) holds great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human diseases and as biocontrol agents in controlling pests in the field agriculture. An experiment was carried to study the use of 'RNAi' for the potential treatment of disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Some people possess genetic mutations with elevated levels of ApoB gene which predisposes them to coronary artery diseases. Lowering the amount ApoB can reduce the number of lipoproteins and lower the blood cholesterol. Tracy Zimmerman and her colleagues used RNAi in 2006 to reduce the level of ApoB in non human primates Cynomolgus monkeys. One group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (small interfering RNAs, SiRNAs) (doses 1 mg/kg, SiRNAs), second group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (doses 2.5 mg/kg, SiRNAs) and third group of monkeys were injected with saline. |
The results of the study are depicted in the graph below:
- How does the treatment with 2.5 mg/kg bring an effect on cholesterol metabolism when compared from 24 hours and 144 hours?
- Write any two natural sources from where dsRNA molecule could be obtained for silencing the specific mRNA.
- How is RNAi used in controlling the infection on the roots of tobacco plants by the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia?
Name (i) a GM cereal crop having enhanced nutritional value, (ii) the nutrient it is rich in.
The main objective of the production of pest-resistant GM crops is to ______.
