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प्रश्न
Explain any three reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
उत्तर
The three reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union are:
- Communist dictatorship: The Soviet system became increasingly bureaucratic and dictatorial, making life extremely tough for its residents. People were inhibited by a lack of democracy and freedom of expression, which they frequently communicated through jokes and drawings. The rule of law was undermined, corruption was widespread, and the administration's lack of transparency fueled public opposition to the government. The Soviet Union has become administratively and politically stable. For a long time, the party that ran the Soviet Union was not accountable to the people, and ordinary people were alienated. Party bureaucrats were granted more advantages than ordinary citizens.
- Falling Economy: Gorbachev promised to restructure the economy, bringing it up to speed with the West, and to loosen the administrative system. The Soviet economy spent a large portion of its resources on sustaining nuclear and military weapons, as well as developing satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet Union. This resulted in a massive economic burden that the economy could not handle, and food imports rose year after year. In the late 1970s, the Soviet economy began to falter and stagnate.
- Feeling of nationalism and desire of sovereignty: The USSR was made up of 15 republics, of which Russia was only one. Russia, in fact, dominated everything. The Soviet Union was home to a diverse range of nationalities. On paper, these republics were independent entities in their own right, having the authority to declare treaties and conventions with other nations. But, in actuality, the entire system was so centralized that Russia governed everything. After 1960, the spirit of nationalism pervaded the entire world. The countries that were colonized by Western powers raised their voices in support of decolonization. There were massive liberation movements in several countries.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
The Berlin wall fall in ____________.
When did the Soviet Union collapse?
Which was the first Soviet Republic to declare its independence from Soviet Russia?
Independence movement begins in Lithuania in ____________.
With the collapse of which country did the Cold War come to an end?
Why did the Indian Government sign the treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971?
Read the following passage and answer accordingly.
A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old style rule of the Communist Party.
Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control.
Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states. The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation.
In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics.
The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.
The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union.
It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried.
Which type of government was adopted by the post soviet countries?
Following is the "TIMELINE OF DISINTEGRATION OF THE SOVIET UNION".
Arrange them in chronological order.
- Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- The Independence movement begins in Lithuania; later spreads to Estonia and Latvia.
- Gorbachev strips the Soviet Communist Party of its 72-year-long monopoly on power by calling on the Soviet parliament (Duma) to permit multiparty politics.
- Russian parliament declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
Which one among the following is a cause of the disintegration of the Soviet Union?
A Soviet system that came into being after Socialist Revolution in 1917 was very powerful but disintegrated in 1990 due to the following given reasons.
- One-party system.
- Russian dominance over the other 15 republics of the USSR.
- Non-recognition of cultural affairs of people residing in these republics.
The disintegration of Soviet Union was one of the most important events that altered the global geopolitics after the Second World War. Consider the following statement(s) in this regard and choose the correct one/(s).
- A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by communist party hardiness.
- Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup.
- In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.
Which one of the following countries was NOT a part of the Soviet Union?
