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प्रश्न
Explain how relief features, winds, and ocean currents affect the climate of Europe.
उत्तर
The following factors affect the climate of Europe:
Latitude — Most of Europe lies within the temperate latitudes, which are neither too hot nor too cold. Only a small part of the continent lies north of the Arctic Circle in the frigid zone.
Nearness to Water Bodies — Except for eastern Europe, all other parts of Europe are close to the sea. There are oceans, seas, bays, gulfs, straits, and even lakes which have a moderating effect on the climate.
Relief Features — The east-west arrangement of most highlands, especially the Alps, allows the rain-bearing winds to enter places in the interior and cause rainfall there.
Ocean Currents —The warm North Atlantic Drift helps to keep parts of western Europe warm. The ports here are open for trade even in winter.
Winds — The South-Westerlies that blow across the North Atlantic Ocean towards Europe are warmed as they pass over the North Atlantic Drift. These warm winds from sea to land pick up moisture and cause rainfall, which decreases eastwards. They also help to raise the winter temperatures of coastal and central European countries.
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| Climatic Regions | Wildlife | Vegetation |
| Arctic and sub-Arctic | ||
| Maritime Climate or west European Climate | ||
| Central European climate or temperate interior | ||
| Eastern European or continental climate | ||
| Mediterranean Climate | ||
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