Question

Fractional distillation is suitable for the separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of the fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process. Explain using a diagram.

Answer 1

In fractional distillation, a fractionating column is used which is packed with glass beads or small plates. It increases the surface area for the vapours and they quickly lose energy when they come in contact with beads or plates and can be quickly condensed. The length of the column would increase the efficiency of the process.