Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Give five applications of biotechnology in the field of medicine.
उत्तर
Five applications of biotechnology in the field of medicine are:
- Antibiotics - Antibiotics are chemical substances, which are produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other pathogenic microbes, without harming the host. Biotechnology has helped us to obtain pure and large amounts of antibiotics from microbes. Examples of antibiotics obtained from microbes are penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin etc. The world's first discovered antibiotic penicillin is produced by Penicillium species of fungi. It destroys bacteria causing tonsillitis, sore throat, gonorrhea, local infections and pneumonia.
- Vaccines - Vaccines are killed or weakened pathogens employed to provide immunity against the diseases caused by them. Using biotechnology, we have been able to produce cheaper, purer, safer and more potent vaccines.
- Antibodies - Antibodies against disease causing pathogens can be obtained through clone cultures. These help to provide immunity against diseases.
- Hormones - Using recombinant DNA technology, humans have succeeded in producing several important hormones. For example - The bacteria E.coli have been successfully used to produce large quantities of human insulin. This is a boon to the many diabetic patients who are deficient in insulin and hence are unable to control their blood sugar. Also this was an improvement over the earlier used animal insulin which was expensive and allergic to many people.
- Diagnostic kits - Today many diagnostic kits are available for detecting many diseases especially those caused by parasites. These kits give more reliable and quicker results easily.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
The modification of original genetic make-up is focussed by _____________.
Expand the following acronym which is used in the field of protechnology.
YAC
Expand the following acronym which is used in the field of protechnology.
RE
How Biotechnology is applicable with respect to Genomics?
For production of edible vaccines plants are used. Explain this any one example.
Define.
Vaccine
Read the following paragraph and write the answers to the questions based on them.
Vaccination gives either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Traditionally, vaccines were prepared with the help of pathogens. Completely or partially killed pathogens were used as vaccines. However, due to this, there were chances of contracting the disease in case of some persons. Hence, as an alternative, scientists tried to artificially produce vaccines with the help of biotechnology. For this purpose, scientists produced the antigen in the laboratory with the help of genes isolated from the pathogen and used it as a vaccine. Thus, safer vaccines are being produced. Work on production of edible vaccines is in progress and presently, potatoes are being produced with the help of biotechnology. These potatoes are called transgenic potatoes. These potatoes will act against bacteria like Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli. Consumption of these raw potatoes generates immunity against pathogens. For the production of such edible vaccines, antigens are produced by isolating the desired gene from human pathogens and injecting it into plants.
- How can people who have been vaccinated get infected?
- Why are vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology safer than conventional vaccines?
- How does the immune system respond to vaccination?
- What is the disadvantage of transgenic potatoes?
- Why is vaccination more beneficial than antibiotics?
For which of the following needs the transgenic animals are generally produced?
An example of gene therapy is ______.
Identify and complete the following correlation.
______ : Dwarfness : : Factor VIII : Haemophilia.
