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प्रश्न
How did the First World War create a new economic situation in India? Explain.
उत्तर
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First of all, the war created a new economic and political situation.
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It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.
- Through the war years prices increased doubling between 1913 and 1918 leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
- Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
- Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic.
- According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of India?
“Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement differently.” Justify the statement.
How was the social and political situation of India affected by the First World War? Explain.
Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yam to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yam to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912. Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had. a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed. |
- What was the Swadeshi Movement?
- Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between 1900 to 1912?
- Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market.
- Two placed (A) and (B) have been market on the given political outline Map of India. Identify them with the help of given information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
- The Place where Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927.
- The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke Salt law.
- On the same outline Map of India locate and label any three of the following with suitable symbols.
- Indira Gandhi International Airport.
- Kakrapara - Atomic Power Station.
- Hyderabad - Software Technology Park.
- Kandla Sea Port
State the names and countries of the two hostile groups that turned each other in the First World War.
Arrange the following statements in sequential order based on the events that shaped the Non-cooperation movement.
- General Dyer opened fire at the large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh.
- “Forced recruitment” carried out by the British government and the economic hardships faced by the people during the first world war.
- The defeat of the Ottoman Emperor of Turkey led to the formation of the Khilafat movement.
- Gandhiji launched a nationwide satyagraha against the Rowlatt act.
