Question

‘Jajmani system is a caste-based system. Examine this statement with reference to rural India.

Answer 1

The Jajmani system represents a type of system of exchange that existed in rural India. The term (Jajmani) is derived from the vedic term ‘Jajman’, refering to a man who conducted Yajnas or fire sacrifices to appease the gods. The Zamindars were the jajmans in this system and the people who rendered services to them were collectively termed as ‘Praja’.

Traditional occupational obligations: The jajmani system created interdependence amongst the castes for the fulfillment of their economic needs.

Established closer family links: Years of exchange of services and goods led to the creation of strong social links between the families of the Jajmans and the Kamins (Praja).

Exclusivity of the relationship: Jajman and Kamins maintained exclusivity both in terms of rendering as well as hiring services under this system. E.g. : A Brahmin presides us the ceremony of giving a name to a child; a carpenter is hired for jobs of carpentry or woodwork.

Added to village solidarity: As per M.N. Srinivas, the jajmani system which promoted interdependence amongst the castes acted as one of the key factors that promoted village solidarity and stronger social fabric. This system contributed to vertical solidarity of the caste system.

Multiple relationships: The relationship was not only economic in nature but extended into other aspects as well. For e.g.: Mutual support is expected between such groups during crisis just as help is expected during ceremonial occasions.