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प्रश्न
Describe any five major functions of political parties.
उत्तर
A political party is constituted by a group of people who come together to contest elections with the aim of holding power and running the government. Political parties are formed by the people on the basis of shared political, social and economic ideologies and principles. The major functions of political parties have been described below.
- Contesting election: In most of the democracies, the political parties contest elections by putting up their selected candidates. These candidates are selected either by a group of members or by the top members of the party.
- Forming programmes and policies: During elections, different political parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters have the right to choose from them. Each of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society. It is the ruling party that decides the line and direction of the government.
- Making laws: When a party wins the election and comes to power, it makes laws for the country. These laws are debated and passed by the legislature. Members of the ruling party follow the directions of the party leaders irrespective of their personal opinions as the decision making is a collective process.
- Shaping public opinion: Political parties raise issues of public importance. At times, along with different pressure groups, they launch movements for the resolution of the problems faced by the people.
- Access to government machinery and welfare schemes: Political parties provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by the government. Parties remain responsive to the needs and demands of the people.
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Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started, jointly received the Noble Peace Prize for 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.
The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decisions, some did not like it. "Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government," said Shahedul Islam, a government official. "That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority."
But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. "There was no debate (over him) winning the Novel, but politics is different − very challenging and often controversial," said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. "Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country," asked one political observer.
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Answer the following question.
Describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy.
