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प्रश्न
Make a table indicating the glands, hormones produced, their main functions and diseases caused due to their hypo and hypersecretions.
उत्तर
| Glands | Hormones | Functions | Diseases due to hyposecretion | Diseases due to hypersecretion |
| 1. Pituitary gland |
Anterior Lobe: a. Growth hormone/Somatotrophin b. Adrenocorticotrop hic hormone c. Thyroid stimulating hormone Posterior Lobe : a. Antidiuretic hormone b. oxytocin |
It is essential for the normal growth of an organism. It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex. It stimulates the activity of thyroid glands as well as their growth. It controls water and salt balance of body fluids. It stimulates contraction of smooth muscles of uterus during child birth. |
a. Dwarfism Addision's disease Cretinism Diabetes insipidus |
a. Gigantism Cushing's disease Goitre |
| 2. Thyroid |
a. Thyroxine b. Calcitonin |
It speeds up basal metabolic rate of the body . It causes the deposition of calcium in the bones. |
Cretinism | Goitre |
| 3. Parathyroid | a. Parathormone | It maintains the calcium level in the blood. | ||
| 4. Thymus | a. Thymus | Helps in the growth of children and provides immunity. | ||
| 5. Pancreas |
a. Insulin b. Glucagon |
It lowers the glucose level in the blood It raises the level of glucose in the blood. |
Diabetes mellitus | Hypoglycemia |
| 6. Adrenal glands |
Adrenal cortex: a. Mineralocorticoids
b. Glucocorticoids
c. Sexcorticoids |
They regulate mineral metabolism in the body They regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates , fats and proteins in the body. They help in the development of secondary sexual characters. |
Addision's disease | Cushing's syndrome |
|
Adrenal Medulla :
b. Noradrenaline |
It brings rapid physiological responses to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action. It regulates the blood pressure under normal conditions. |
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| 7. Testes | Testes: a. Testosterone |
It stimulates male secondary sexual characters. | ||
| 8. Ovary |
Ovary:
b. Progesterone |
It stimulates female secondary sexual characters. It helps in the contraction of uterus during the birth of a baby, |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Fill in the blank:
Hormones are produced by ____________.
Define the following:
Exocrine gland
Give the Technical Term: The structure which controls the master gland.
Give the Technical Term: Name the glands which secrete the following hormone: Progesterone
Given below is an outline of the human body showing the important glands.
(i) Name the glands marked 1 to 5.
(ii) Name the hormone secreted by 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
(iii) Name the endocrine cells present in part 3.
(iv) Name the hormone secreted by part 3. Give one important function of this hormone.
Choose the Odd One Out
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
| (iv) Thymus | (d) produces female sex characteristics |
| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
Vasopressin is concerned with:
Name the layers of adrenal cortex and mention their secretions.
Label the endocrine glands in the given figure.
