Question

Name and write brief notes on the four types of migration based on direction of movement.

Answer 1

Four types of migration based on the direction of movement are:

1. Rural to Urban migration — People move from villages to cities mainly in search of better job, educational opportunities, urban lifestyle and health services. Such migration is common in developing countries like India, South Africa and Brazil.
2. Rural to Rural migration — People move from one village to another village due to acquisition of property, marriage, better resources, fertile land for farming, etc.
3. Urban to Urban migration — People move from one city to another city, generally a larger one, in search of better job, educational facilities, health services, etc. For example, students and professionals from cities like Patna, Lucknow go to Delhi, Mumbai in search of better opportunities. This migration also happens when the population of a city becomes too big and affects the quality of life. For example, people from Delhi are moving to Gurugram and Noida. Shifting of a large government office or company from one
   city to another also causes large-scale migration of people from one city to another.
4. Urban to Rural migration — People move back from cities to their homes in villages due to ancestral property, marriage, inability to find proper shelter or suitable job, high cost of living, traffic and pollution. For example, conservative countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan show urban-rural migration.