Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
“Physicians make diagnosis looking at a person’s physical symptoms”. How are psychological disorders diagnosed?
उत्तर
Psychological disorders can be diagonised by the observations, interviews, counsellings etc.
In ancient days, abnormal behaviour can be explained by the operation of supernatural and magical forces such as evil spirits (bhoot-pret) or the devil (shaitan). In many societies, the shaman, or medicine man (ojha) is a person who is believed to have contact with supernatural forces and is the medium through which spirits communicate with human beings. Through the shaman, an afflicted person can learn which spirits are responsible for her/his problems and what needs to be done to appease them.
A recurring theme in the history of abnormal psychology is the belief that individuals behave strangely because their bodies and their brains are not working properly. This is the biological or organic approach. In the modern era, there is evidence that body and brain processes have been linked to many types of maladaptive behaviour. For certain types of disorders, correcting these defective biological processes results in improved functioning.
Another approach is the psychological approach. According to this point of view, psychological problems are caused by inadequacies in the way an individual thinks, feels, or perceives the world.
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has published an official manual describing and classifying various kinds of psychological disorders. The current version of it, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV Edition (DSM-IV), evaluates the patient on five axes or dimensions rather than just one broad aspect of ‘mental disorder’. These dimensions relate to biological, psychological, social and other aspects. The classification scheme officially used in India and elsewhere is the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), which is known as the ICD-10 Classification of Behavioural and Mental Disorders. It was prepared by the World Health Organisation (WHO). For each disorder, a description of the main clinical features or symptoms, and of other associated features including diagnostic guidelines is provided in this scheme.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Can a long-standing pattern of deviant behaviour be considered abnormal? Elaborate.
Psychological disorders are deviant, distressing, dysfunctional and ____________.
Describe the defining symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.
|
Mental health professionals have attempted to understand psychological disorders using different approaches through the ages. Today, we have sophisticated facilities and hospitals dedicated to the treatment of the mentally ill. While studying the history of psychological disorders it is interesting to note that some practices from ancient times are still in use. Take the case of Lakshmi and her daughter, Maya. Maya exhibits abnormal behaviours and Lakshmi believes that this is because of evil spirits that have possessed her. She has been taking her daughter to a self-proclaimed healer, who uses counter-magic and prayer to cure her. Stigma and lack of awareness prevents Lakshmi from using the modern facilities and hospitals that provide quality mental health care. On the other hand, when young Rita reported seeing people and hearing voices, mental health professionals at a modern facility were able to understand her hallucinations using a convergence of three approaches. Psychologists use official manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to indicate presence or absence of disorders. Today there is increased compassion for people who suffer from disorders and a lot of emphasis is placed on providing community care. |
Identify the method used by the healer to cure Maya’s illness. How does this theory from ancient times explain Maya’s treatment?
|
Mental health professionals have attempted to understand psychological disorders using different approaches through the ages. Today, we have sophisticated facilities and hospitals dedicated to the treatment of the mentally ill. While studying the history of psychological disorders it is interesting to note that some practices from ancient times are still in use. Take the case of Lakshmi and her daughter, Maya. Maya exhibits abnormal behaviours and Lakshmi believes that this is because of evil spirits that have possessed her. She has been taking her daughter to a self-proclaimed healer, who uses counter-magic and prayer to cure her. Stigma and lack of awareness prevents Lakshmi from using the modern facilities and hospitals that provide quality mental health care. On the other hand, when young Rita reported seeing people and hearing voices, mental health professionals at a modern facility were able to understand her hallucinations using a convergence of three approaches. Psychologists use official manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to indicate presence or absence of disorders. Today there is increased compassion for people who suffer from disorders and a lot of emphasis is placed on providing community care. |
Which approach do you think would best explain Rita’s treatment? How do you think DSM-5 and ICD-10 help mental health professionals in indicating the presence or absence of disorders?
Feeling touchy or hypersensitive following an upsetting experience is a form of:
The growth needs of ERG theory are represented by various needs in Maslow's model:
Which is a more adequate definition of the exceptional child?
The distinction between normality and abnormality is ______
According to which of the following philosophers can abnormal behavior be understood as similar to the Indian concept of tridoshas?
Increased compassion for people who suffered from psychological disorders was observed during the:
According to the ______ approach, abnormal behavior is caused by inadequacies of thought, feelings, and perception.
The decrease in sensitivity of the eye which occurs on account of its stronger stimulation is known as ______
The ability to discriminate fine differences in visual detail or visual sharpness is otherwise known as ______
Which branch of psychology deals with the behavior of human beings in educational institutions?
Children who have marked difficulties in social interaction and communication, desire for routine and restricted interests are suffering from
Which of the following is/are true about psychological disorders in the middle ages?
- Demonology and superstition were used as explanations for psychological disorders.
- Mental anguish and conflict were considered reasons for psychological disorders.
- Disturbed interpersonal relationships were emphasised to explain mental disorders.
- There was an emphasis on deinstitutionalization for people with psychological disorders.
Sonali spends hours reading about her favorite actor. She is preoccupied with thinking and researching about him and when asked to study she gets violent. To diagnose her disorder, a clinical psychologist would need to know:
