Question

"Recent evidence suggests that overuse of groundwater is becoming a serious threat in many parts of the country." Evaluate the statement in the context of sustainability of development.

Answer 1

1. Depletion of Groundwater Levels: Excessive extraction of groundwater for agriculture, industries, and domestic use leads to rapid depletion, making it difficult to meet future demands. 
2. Water Scarcity: In many regions, overuse of groundwater has resulted in severe water shortages, affecting both urban and rural areas, thus impacting livelihoods and food security.
3. Land Subsidence and Quality Issues: Over-extraction can lead to land subsidence and deterioration of water quality due to increased salinity and contamination, making it unfit for use.
4. Impact on Ecosystems: Groundwater depletion affects rivers, lakes, and wetlands, leading to biodiversity loss and environmental degradation.
5. Need for Sustainable Management: To ensure long-term sustainability, measures like rainwater harvesting, efficient irrigation techniques, and groundwater regulation are essential to balance usage and conservation.