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प्रश्न
Shakespeare’s poetry has come to be valued for its own sake on the stage. Comment with reference to the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream.’
उत्तर
William Shakespeare is known as the greatest playwright of all time. Known for his coherence and witty wordplay, Shakespeare‘s writings have a deep impact on its readers even today. Whether it is comedy or tragedy, Shakespeare knows how to skilfully weave the words together, so as to evoke just the right kind of emotion.
In the case of 'A Midsummer Night‘s Dream‘, Shakespeare has used the blank verse, a style of writing that was relatively new back in his time. In fact, most of Shakespeare‘s plays fall into the blank verse pattern. In this play, however, he uses different constructions for different characters. For example, the interactions between Bottom and the other workmen are presented in a rustic and simple manner while the conversation between Oberon and Titania is complex and full of magical references, so as to give their dialogues the mystical quality of the land of the fairies.
Shakespeare uses rhyming couplets for the verse of the four lovers - Helena, Hermia, Lysander, and Demetrius, for their passionate declarations and emotional outburst. An example of this is -
“You are unkind, Demetrius; be not so;
For you love Hermia; this you know I know:
And here, with all goodwill, with all my heart,
In Hermia’s love I yield you up to my part:
And yours of Helena to me bequeath,
Whom I do love, and will do till my death.”
Shakespeare also uses rhyming couplets for most of the conversation between the fairies. However, these couplets have a light and casual tone to make them stand apart from the verse of the lovers. An example of this is -
“Captain of our fairy band,
Helena is here at hand,
And the youth mistook by me,
Pleading for a lover’s fee.
Shall we their fond pageant see?
Lord, what fools these mortals be!”
On the other hand, the language between Bottom and the other workmen is just like prose, without any meter or rhyme.
Even the interactions between Bottom and Titania are in stark contrast with each other. Titania expresses her emotions like a beautiful verse, while Bottom responds with his thoughts in simple prose. This contrasts the sophistication of the Fairy Queen‘s world with the crudeness of the commoner, i.e., Bottom. Apart from the beautiful language, Shakespeare also makes use of various literary devices to enhance the experience of the readers. His use of nature and animal imagery to maintain the continuity of the forest atmosphere as well as to communicate the various actions, sounds, and emotions in a scene helps the reader understand the scene better.
Shakespeare‘s expertise in creating a rich blend of varied patterns for multiple characters and combining them with the use of a range of literary devices is testimony to his skills as a writer whose poetry has come to be valued for its own sake on the stage.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage carefully.
1. I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark and getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.
2. Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a street light or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw curtains move when there was no breeze. A tiny creak in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel helpless. My heart would pound and I would lie very still so that 'the enemy' wouldn't discover me.
3. Another childhood fear of mine was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morning, I got on the school bus right near my home ‒ that was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the curve, I was terrified that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfamiliar neighbourhood. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure that the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was in the right bus. On school or family trips to an amusement park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes because I would go only where I was sure I would never get lost.
4. Perhaps, one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Secondly, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldn't like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear 'the right clothes' and had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing flats instead of saddled shoes to school. Being popular was very important to me then and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one.
5. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognise and overcome our fears. I have learnt that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when I am lost and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps to cope with our lives as adults.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary.
(b) Make a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made and also suggest a suitable title.
Read the following extract and do the given activities:
B.1) Fill in the Balloons with suitable ideas from the poem:
“Oh, the value of the elderly! How could anyone not know?
They hold so many keys, so many things they can show.
We all will read the other side this I firmly believe
And the elderly are closest oh what clues we could retrieve.
For their characters are closest to how we’ll be on high.
They are the ones most developed, you can see it if you try.
They’ve let go of the frivolous and kept things that are dear
The memories of so sweet, of loved ones that were near.
As a nation, we are missing our greatest true resource,
To get to know our elders and let them guide our course.”
B.2) Find Evidence:
Pick out the line from the extract which supports the given ideas:
(i) The elders have many things to share.
(ii) Everybody knows the value of elderly people.
(iii) The elderly people have vast experience.
(iv) The elderly people are a boon to the nation.
B.3) Write a pair from the extract that rhymes with the given word:
| Fear | ........................... | .......................... |
What impressions of Shahid do you gather from the piece?
Locate expressions in the text reflect the Indian idiom, for example, the pride of the generations of his ancestors.
Examine the communication channels in the story between Paul and his mother.
Notice these words in the poem and guess their meaning from the context
| turquoise | darts |
Why is the speaker’s childhood described as ‘a forgotten boredom’?
Explain the undertones in the statement:
'Wife and husband in unusual rapport
State one unspoken thought':
What does the reference to raw mythology imply?
Rearrange the letters to make meaningful words, occurring in the poem.
- clearmis ____________
- sowmid ____________
- gearuoc ____________
- rissupser ____________
- tabyue ____________
- madres ____________
- laveu ____________
- downre ____________
Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words.
India has many amazing success stories.
Correct the following statement.
Johnsy was eager to recover from her illness.
Answer the following question in short.
Why was Tenali Raman summoned to the court?
Answer the following question in short.
What did the bundle in silken cloth contain?
Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly / slow / big)
as ______ as an elephant
Read the description of the Kabaddi match and do the following:
Describe, in your own words, the important events in the first half.
Read aloud the account of how Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon sacrificed his life to defend our country.
Describe in your own words the incident when Hovstad's real intention to help Dr. Stockmann is exposed.
What question did Shalihotra ask Sushruta?
Write the following in short:
What the young lawyer pleaded.
Write the following:
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza.
Read the following:
- Charging along like troops in a battle.
- Fly as thick as driving rain.
Using your imagination, write one or two comparisons each with -
- like ______
- as ______ as
What changes do we see in the life of human beings when the season changes? Write with reference to their celebrations.
Read the ode ‘To Autumn’ by the famous poet John Keats. ‘Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness...’
Read: ‘The Psalm of Life’- a poem by H. W. Longfellow.
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with anywhere.
Imagine that you are in a land of tiny people like Lilliput. Write about some of the interesting things you might see there, including animals, houses, plants, vehicles, etc. Find an interesting name for this land.
Enact the play.
List the characters in the story and write a few lines about each of them.
Guess the meaning of the following word.
fragrant
Your parents sometimes behave like the young bird’s parents. They may seem cruel and unrelenting. Does it mean that they do not care for you? Explain your views about it with reference from the story
The rich man was from...
Where did Chulong catch the bird?
Identify the speaker/character.
‘Come in, Zigzag, come in dear!’
Hamid’s friends enjoyed the ride in the merry-go-round. But Hamid didn’t go on it. Why?
Read the sentences and number them in correct order.
|
1. He wished to have Gopal with him. |
|
|
2. Salim felt that it should come from within. |
|
| 3. He thought he wouldn’t be able to finish it. | |
| 4. The old man worked tirelessly on the sculpture. | |
| 5. He realized that Gopal must learn to carve the finer details. | |
| 6. He had a strong wish to finish it in time. | |
| 7. Over days, he felt very weak. |
Fill in the table
| Problems Faced By Mr. Fogg And His Team | Solution |
| The train stopped in the middle of the forest. | |
| They couldn’t hire the elephant. | |
| They were in need of an elephant driver. |
Read the poem aloud in pairs
Identify the speaker/character.
A man fell into the sea. Please save him.
The turtles use their flippers and make a hollow for their nests.
Why does the poet fly out of the universe?
The boy was rather unsympathetic to his sister.
Jaswant Singh Rawat was awarded ______.
Write the rhyming word.
culture - ______.
Answer using Yes or No and pick sentence from the story to support your answer.
Do cannibals eat people?
All the children wished to go to the______.
Divide the following word.
circle
Parents never let us get ______.
Where did the tanker man take the water from the village?
Write the word with same meaning.
eraser- ______.
Write the word with same meaning.
chips- ______
Does the brush bend to her will?
How can we do our work better?
What is the one thing you will try and improve after reading the story? How?
Why is the play called ‘The Giving Tree’?
What did the books in the library look like ?
Write the related words as shown in the example.
The branch of economics that deals with the allocation of resources.
- Microeconomics
- Macro economics
- Economics
- None of these
William Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights of all time. He lived in the 16th century. Many Shakespearean plays have been written in the short-story form. Find out the names of at least 5 of Shakespearean plays.
Example: Romeo and Juliet
