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प्रश्न
State and explain any 'four objectives' of financial statement analysis from the business point of view.
उत्तर
Financial statement analysis is a process by which financial statements, i.e. Balance Sheet and Income Statement, are analysed to study the business results and the efficiency of the business operations.
The following are the objectives of preparing financial statements from the business point of view.
1. To measure the profitability: Financial statements are prepared to ascertain profit earned or loss incurred by a business during an accounting period. This is estimated by preparing Trading and Profit and Loss Account.
2. To ascertain the true financial position: Balance Sheet is prepared to ascertain the true financial position of the business. It is a financial statement prepared to ascertain the value of assets and liabilities of a business on a particular date. Financial statement analysis also provides the information related to various provisions and reserves to meet unforeseen future conditions and to toughen the financial position of the business.
3. For effective management: It also assists management in the decision-making process, drafting various plans and also in establishing an effective control system. This analysis also helps in judging the efficiency of the decisions that are taken by the management.
4. To know the financial growth of the business: Financial statement analysis also helps in measuring the financial growth of the business as it helps in comparing the current year’s performance with that of the previous year’s, i.e., intra-firm comparisons. It also facilitates comparison of own performance with other firms in the same industry, i.e., inter-firm comparisons.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give one word/term/phrase for the following statement.
An asset which can be converted into cash immediately.
Capital balance is ascertained by preparing....................................
- Statement of affairs
- Cash account
- Drawing account
- Debtor’s account
Balance sheet is a nominal account.
State the objectives of financial statements from the view point of a business concern.
What do you mean by Analysis of Financial Statement?
JW Ltd. was a company manufacturing geysers. As a part of its long-term goal for an expansion, the company decided to identify the opportunity in rural areas. The initial plan was rolled out for Bhiwani village in Haryana. Since the village did not have a regular supply of electricity, the company decided to manufacture solar geysers. The core team consisting of the Regional Manager, Accountant and the Marketing Manager was taken from the Head Office and the remaining employees were selected from the village and neighbourhood areas. At the time of preparation of financial statements, the accountant of the company fell sick and the company debuted a junior accountant temporarily from the village for two months. The Balance Sheet prepared by the junior accountant showed the following items against the Major Heads and Sub-heads mentioned which were not as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
| Items | Major Head/Sub-Head |
| Loose Tools | Trade Receivables |
| Cheques in Hand | Current Investments |
| Term Loan from Bank | Other Long-term Liabilities |
| Computer Software | Tangible Fixed Assets |
Identify any two values that the company wants to communicate to the society. Also, present the above items under the correct major heads and sub-heads as per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.
State the significance of Analysis of Financial Statements to the ‘Lenders’.
From the following information of a club show the amounts of match expenses and match fund in the Financial Statement of the Club for the year ended on 31st March, 2009 and 31st March, 2010.
|
Details |
Amount Rs |
|
Match expenses (Paid during the year 2009-2010) |
30,000 |
|
Match Fund (as on 31-3-2009) |
17,000 |
|
Donation for Match Fund (Received during the year 2009 – 2010) |
9,000 |
|
Proceeds from the sale of match tickets (Received during the year 2009-2010) |
3,000 |
State true or false with reason.
Gross Profit depends upon Net Sales.
State and explain any 'four objectives' of analysis of financial statement from a business concern's point of view.
Following incomplete information is available from the records maintained by Mr. Premnath.
|
Particulars |
1.4.2009 |
31.3.2010 |
|
Cash Balance Bank Balance Sundry Debtors Stock Furniture Creditors 10% Bank Loan |
12,000 26,000 20,000 24,000 24,000 20,000 20,000 |
13,000 30,000 26,000 26,000 24,000 20,000 20,000 |
(1) Mr. Premnath introduced additional capital in the business amounted to Rs 15,000 on 1st January, 2010.
(2) He has paid life insurance premium Rs 10,000 from the business account and withdrawn goods worth Rs 5,000 for his personal use.
(3) Write off Rs 1,000 as bad debts and maintain reserve for doubtful debts at 5% on remaining debtors.
(4) Provide depreciation at 5% p.a. on furniture.
(5) The closing balance of sundry creditors has been overvalued by Rs 2,000 in the books of account.
(6) Provide Interest on Capital and Bank Loan @ 10% p.a.
(i) Statement of Affairs as on 1.4.2009.
(ii) Statement of Affairs as on 31.3.2010.
(iii) Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31st March, 2010.
State whether following statement is true or false :
Analysis of financial statement is a tool but not a remedy.
State whether following statement is true or false :
Government is not interested in analysis of financial statement.
Select the appropriate answer from the alternatives given below & rewrite the completed statement
Bills payable is _____________.
Answer the following in brief :
What do you mean by analysis of financial statements?
State whether following statement is true or false :
Analysis of financial statement is a tool but not a remedy.
What is ‘analysis’ of financial statement?
Explain the limitations of analysis of financial statements.
The Common Size Statement requires _________.
Bill Payable is ___________
Give one word/term/phrase for the following statement.
Statement showing changes in cash and cash equivalent during a particular period.
Give one word/term/phrase for the following statement.
Activity related to acquisition of long term assets and investment.
State true or false with reason.
Dividend paid is not a source of fund
State true or false with reason.
Ratio analysis measures profitability efficiency and financial soundness of the business.
Prepare Comparative Balance Sheet for the year ended 31.3.18 and 31.3.19 Assets & Liabilities as follows:
| Particulars | 31.3.18 (₹) | 31.3.19 (₹) |
| 1) Fixed Assets | 120,000 | 1,50,000 |
| 2) Share Capital | 60,000 | 72,000 |
| 3) Current Assets | 28,000 | 27,000 |
| 4) Reserve & Surplus | 24,000 | 30,000 |
| 5) Loan | 34,000 | 57,000 |
| 6) Current liabilities | 30,000 | 24,000 |
Which of the following statements is not true?
The term fund’ refers to
Following is the Balance Sheet of Mahi Traders for the year ended 31-3-2018 and 31-3-2019:
| Liabilities | 31-03-2018 (₹) | 31-03-2019 (₹) | Assets | 31-03-2018 (₹) | 31-03-2019 (₹) |
| Equity Share Capital | 1,60,000 | 1,60,000 | Fixed Assets | 2,40,000 | 2,88,000 |
| Pref. Shares Capital | 40,000 | 40,000 | Investment | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| Reserve and Surplus | 40,000 | 48,000 | Current Assets | 1,20,000 | 96,000 |
| Secured Loan | 80,000 | 32,000 | |||
| Unsecured Loan | 40,000 | 72,000 | |||
| Current Liabilities | 40,000 | 72,000 | |||
| 4,00,000 | 4,24,000 | 4,00,000 | 4,24,000 |
Prepare Common Size Balance Sheet for the year 31-03-2018 and 31-03-2019
Convert following Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account into Vertical Income Statement:
| Dr. | Trading, Profit and Loss Account for the year ended as on 31st March,2020 |
Cr. | |
| Particulars | Amount ₹ | Particulars | Amount ₹ |
| To Opening stock | 20,000 | By Sales | 1,20,000 |
| To Purchases | 90,000 | By Closing Stock | 30,000 |
| To Carriage inward | 500 | ||
| To Wages | 10,000 | ||
| To Gross Profit c/d | 29,500 | ||
| Total | 1,50,000 | Total | 1,50,000 |
| To Office expenses | 12,500 | By Gross Profit b/d | 29,500 |
| To Selling expenses | 10,000 | ||
| To Finance expenses | 3,000 | ||
| To Net Profit c/d | 4,000 | ||
| 29,500 | 29,500 | ||
Which of the following is a tool of Analysis of Financial Statements?
Under which major heads and sub-heads will the following items be presented in the Balance Sheet of the company as per Schedule III, Part I of the Companies Act, 2013?
- Bills Receivable
- Securities premium reserve
- Calls in advance
Which of the following are not tools of Financial Analysis?
- Cash Flow Statement
- Income Statement
- Balance Sheet
- Ratio Analysis
It is technique which involves regrouping of data by application of arithmetical relationships. Identify the technique and state any two advantages of the technique identified.
Convert the following Trading and Profit and Loss Account into Vertical Income Statement:
| Dr. | Trading, Profit and Loss Account (for the year ended 31st March, 2020) |
Cr. | |
| Particulars | Amount (₹) |
Particulars | Amount (₹) |
| To Opening stock | 50,000 | By Sales | 6,00,000 |
| To Purchases | 4,50,000 | By Closing Stock | 1,50,000 |
| To Carriage | 20,000 | ||
| To Direct expenses | 30,000 | ||
| To Wages | 50,000 | ||
| To Gross Profit c/d | 1,50,000 | ||
| Total | 7,50,000 | 7,50,000 | |
| To Office expenses | 62,500 | By Gross Profit b/d | 1,50,000 |
| To Finance expenses | 15,000 | ||
| To Selling expenses | 50,000 | ||
| To Net Profit c/d | 22,500 | ||
| Total | 1,50,000 | 1,50,000 | |
