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प्रश्न
Substitution in formal writing
Look at this piece of formal writing
The Deputy Commissioner and the Commissioner of Police were the Chief Guest and the Guest of Honour respectively. The former delivered the key note address and the latter gave away the prizes to the winners.
- Complete the following table using information from the text above.
The Deputy Commissioner= the Chief Guest
The Commissioner of Police = ___________
The former = _____________
The latter = ____________
- Study the use of the words underlined in the text.
a. Why are they used?
______________________
b. Why do you think they are not commonly used in spoken English?
______________________
- Rewrite the following texts. Use the former, the latter, and respectively to avoid repetition.
1. Anand likes History and Joel likes Mathematics. It is interesting to note that Anand is the son of a Mathematics teacher while Joel's father is a teacher of History.
_________________________
___________________________
2. Seema, the monitor of class IX and Ramesh, the monitor of class X were asked to meet the Principal before they went home.
____________________
उत्तर
- The Deputy Commissioner= the Chief Guest
The Commissioner of Police = Guest of Honour
The former =The Deputy Commissioner
The latter = The Commissioner of Police
a. They are used to avoid repetition.
b. They are not commonly used in spoken English for the sake of clarity. They cause unnecessary strain on the listener’s mind. The reader can go back to the previous sentence but not the hearer.
1. Anand likes History and Joel likes Mathematics. It is interesting to note that the former is the son of a Mathematics teacher while the latter’s father is a teacher of History.
2. Seema and Ramesh, the monitors of class IX and X respectively, were asked to meet the Principal before they went home.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Notice the element of repetition in the following sentence and decide
whether it is acceptable or not. Give reason in support of your opinion.
- New Delhi has many big, big malls.
Notice the element of repetition in the following sentence and decide
whether it is acceptable or not. Give reason in support of your opinion.
- " I've failed."
"You've failed? I can't believe this !"
Notice the element of repetition in the following sentence and decide
whether it is acceptable or not. Give reason in support of your opinion.
- Could you repeat that again, please?
Notice the element of repetition in the following sentence and decide
whether it is acceptable or not. Give reason in support of your opinion.
- When I heard that she was staying at the Hotel Park View, I decided to go to the Hotel Park View to meet her there.
Read Passage 1 below and then fill in the blanks in Passage 2 with one word each. You may choose words from the ones you underlined in the exercise C. Which makes a better reading-Passage 1 or Passage 2? Why?
Passage 1
Moina and Debi are students of class IX. Moina and Debi are great friends although Moina and Debi don't study at the same school. Moina has never played cricket and Debi has never played cricket too but Moina and Debi are crazy about cricket. So far Moina and Debi have together watched ten international matches played by their country, India. Four of these matches were played in different foreign countries and six of these matches were played in their country, India. Surprisingly, India has lost no match where Moina and Debi were present in the stands. Moina claims that she is more passionate about the game of cricket than Debi. Debi says she is more passionate about the game than Moina.
Passage 2
Moina and Debi are students of class IX ................ are great friends although they don't study at the same school. ................. has ever played any cricket but ................ are crazy about ................ especially one day matches. So far the ........... have watched 10 matches together, all involving India. Surprisingly, India has lost ........... ofthem. Four of these matches were played in different foreign countries and the ........... in India .......... girl claims that she is more passionate about the game than the other.
Ratna and Rajshree are two sisters. Ratna teaches English in a college and her sister Rajshree works in a bank. Rajshree is younger than Ratna. Ratna and Rajshree wear their hair long. Ratna likes eating ice-cream while Rajshree likes eating pastries. Ratna is not interested in sports. Rajshree is also not interested in sports. Rajshree is married to Utlam. Utlam is an engineer. Ratna is married to Sujit. Sujit is a businessman. Ratna has a daughter and a son. Rajshree has a daughter and a son too.
- Rewrite the passage above such that there is no unnecessary repetition in it.
- ______________________________
- ______________________________
We often use pronouns to make links between sentences and to avoid
repetition.
Read the following extract from the story 'The Two Gentlemen of Verona'.
| "Of course, everything is so difficult now, food so scarce and dear, we could not keep going unless we charged a fee. But every week, Lucia's brothers have made their payment." She added simply, "I do not know what they do, I do not ask. Work is scarce in Verona. But whatever it is, I know they do it well." |
Work with your partner and answer these questions.
1. In the first line 'everything' refers to?
___________________________
2. The phrase 'their payment' (line 3) refers to?
___________________________
3. 'They' in the third line refers to?
___________________________
4. The speaker says, 'I do not ask'. What does the speaker not ask? Whom?
___________________________
5. 'Whatever it is.' (line 4)Here 'it' refers to?
___________________________
6. Who do the pronouns 'I' and 'She' refer to?
___________________________
Sometimes we can avoid repetition by omitting certain words and phrases. Which words or phrases have been left out in the following examples? Is the meaning in all of them clear in spite of the omission?
| Oil is not found in the north but copper is. is = is found in the north |
What has been omitted in the following sentences?
1. A: Did she find out who had stolen her purse?"
B: "No, she didn't." didn't = ________________________
2. You takemybookand l'll takelndu's when she gets back.
Indu's= ----------------------~
3. Ifl don't get it to you tomorrow, I'll send it the day after.
Thedayafter=-------------------~
4. Firstly, add four grams, then another four, then another four until the mixture has solidified. Another four/ another= _________________ _
5. There were a number of graduates who were earning more than I was.
was=-----------------------~
6. I think we need coaching more than they do.
do= ________________________ _
7. A: "I can tellyou what I know."
B: "Youneedn't. I'mnotaskingyou to."
needn't = __________________
to = _____________________
8. A: "Do you visit the doctor regularly?"
B: "No, I can1tafford to.11
to = ____________________
(A) Match the sentences in A and B and write them together in the spaces below.
| A | B |
| 1. Both Ajay and Sahir are good players. | a. Few reach their destination. |
| 2. Thousands of baby turtles set out on the longjourney. | b. Either would be suitable as a captain. |
| 3. Some like to eat fish raw. | c. Those who do have to study hard. |
| 4. No one knows who did it. | d. Others prefer it cooked. |
| 5. Not many people get to university. | e. It could be anyone. |
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
- ______________________
(B) Now underline the substitution word in each of the sentences written above and decide what each of the words refers to.
| Substitution Word | What does it refer to? |
| 1. | |
| 2. | |
| 3. | |
| 4. | |
| 5. |
In the following paragraph, one word has been omitted in each line. In your answer sheets, remember to write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it, as shown below. The first one has been done as an example.
| No. | Text | Word before | Omission | Word after |
| e. g. | Ever wondered sleep deficit? Well, | wondered | about | sleep |
| i. | sleep deficit a common problem among | |||
| teenagers today, with many staying up late | ||||
| ii. | to use electronic devices. This lead to | |||
| iii. | difficulty in concentrating, mood swings, even | |||
| iv. | It's important for teens to prioritize sleep | |||
| to ensure their overall health and well-being. |
