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प्रश्न
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The Articles of a company stated that while borrowing any money from outsiders. The document must have the signatures of the Managing Director (MD) and any one of the directors. The Articles of Association clearly stated the procedure to be followed while borrowing money. The Managing Director did not follow all the procedures but still borrowed money from Mr. X. Mr. X assumed that the MD has followed the required procedures:
(a) Can the MD be held punishable for his act?
(b) Under which Doctrine can Mr. X take action against the company?
(c) Explain the Doctrine.
उत्तर
(a) The Managing Director (MD) can be held punishable for this act.
(b) Under the doctrine of indoor management, Mr. X can take action against the company.
(c) The doctrine of indoor management specifies that persons (third parties) entering into a contract with the company are not found to inquire or know whether the company or it's MD or officers have properly followed the internal proceedings as stated in the Articles or not. As per the doctrine of indoor management, it is assumed that the company or it's MD or Officer acts as per Memorandum and Articles of Association. This doctrine protects the interest of the outsiders when they are unaware of the correctness of the internal proceedings of the company.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
The ______ Clause describes the range of activities a company can undertake
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
Any act done by the company beyond the powers of Memorandum is called as _______.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_________ clause states the amount of Authorised capital with which the company is registered.
Select the correct answer from the option given below and rewrite the sentence.
_______ is an invitation to the public to subscribe for the shares of the Company.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which contains, Name Clause, Registered Office Clause, Capital Clause, etc.
Write a word or a term or a phrase that can substitute the following statement:
The document is subordinate to the Memorandum of Association.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Clause which describes the main activities a company can undertake.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Clause which describes the extent of liability of members.
Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute the following statement:
Document which establishes relationship between a company and its members.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Articles of Association is subordinate to Memorandum.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Every subscriber who signs the Memorandum must also sign the Articles.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Actions can be taken against a company or its officers for misstatements in prospectus.
Find the odd one.
Select the correct option from the given options:
| Group A | Group B |
| Liability clause | ___________ |
Explain the following term/concept.
Capital clauses
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.
Mr. A entered into a contract with Star Limited company and as advance payment gave a cheque of ₹ 1 lac to a Director Mr. Sam. Mr. Sam is not the Managing Director. Articles state that only the MD is authorized to sign any contracts or receive any payments on behalf of the company.
- Did Mr. Sam have the authority to accept the cheque? Why?
- Can Mr. Sam’s action be called as Ultra Vires? Why?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
The object clause of Memorandum of a company stated the main object as the manufacturing of plastic chairs and tables and any other activity in furtherance of achievement of its main activity. The Board of Directors wants to now also produce TV. Serials and feels that the shareholders may give their permission.
a) Can the company with immediate effect start producing TV? Serials? Why?
b) How can the object clause of the company be altered?
Study the following case/situation and express your opinion:
A company stated in its prospectus that it has been making profits since the last 5 years. However, Mr. X. an investor found out that two years back the company had not made any profit. The prospectus was filed with the ROC on 1 st Jan 2017 and was issued to the public on 10th Feb 2018.
a) Can Mr. X state that there was a misstatement in the prospectus?
b) If found guilty which two types of liability will the company and its officers face?
c) Can the prospectus be valid for issue to the public on 10th Feb 2018?
Distinguish between the following:
Memorandum of association and articles of association.
