Question

What are meristems? Describe the distribution and functions of various types of meristems.

Answer 1

Meristematic tissues are a group of immature cells that are capable of undergoing cell division. In plants, the meristem is found in zones where growth can take place. Example: apex of the stem, root, leaf primordia, vascular cambium, cork cambium, etc.,

Types of Meristems based on position:
On the basis of their position in the plant, meristems are of three types: Apical meristem, Intercalary meristem, and Lateral meristem.

1. Apical meristem: These are found at the apices or growing points of root and shoot and bring about an increase in length.
2. Intercalary meristem: It lies between the region of permanent tissues and is part of the primary meristem. It is found either at the base of leaf e.g. pinus or at the base of internodes e.g. grasses.
3. Lateral Meristem: These are arranged parallel and cause the thickness of the plant part.

Functions: Meristems are actively dividing tissues of the plant, that are responsible for primary (elongation) and secondary (thickness) growth of the plant.