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प्रश्न
What is the solution to the problem of double counting in the estimation of national income?
उत्तर
- The value obtained is actually the GNP at market prices. Care must be taken to avoid double counting.
- The value of the final product is derived by the summation of all the values added in the productive process.
- To avoid double counting, either the value of the final output should be taken into the estimate of GNP or the sum of values added should be taken.
- Double counting is to be avoided under value added method.
- Any commodity which is either raw material or intermediate good for the final production should not be included.
- For example, value of cotton enters value of yam as cost, and value of yam in cloth and
that of cloth in garments. - At every stage value added only should be calculated.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Other things remaining unchanged, when in a country the price of foreign currency rises, national income is: (choose the correct alternative)
a. Likely to rise
b. Likely to fall
c. Likely to rise and fall both
d. Not affected
Giving reason explain how should the following be treated in the estimation of national income:
Purchase of refrigerator by a firm for own use
Calculation National Income and Personal Disposable Income:
| (Rs crores) | ||
| 1 | Rent | 100 |
| 2 | Net current transfers to rest of the world | 30 |
| 3 | Social security contributions by employers | 47 |
| 4 | Mixed income | 600 |
| 5 | Gross domestic capital formation | 140 |
| 6 | Royalty | 20 |
| 7 | Interest | 110 |
| 8 | Compensation of employees | 500 |
| 9 | Net domestic capital formation | 120 |
| 10 | Net factor income from abroad | (-)10 |
| 11 | Net indirect tax | 150 |
| 12 | Profit | 200 |
Calculate 'Net National Product at Market Price' and 'Personal Income'.
| (Rs crore) | ||
| (i) | Transfer payments by government | 7 |
| (ii) | Government final consumption expenditure | 50 |
| (iii) | Net imports | -10 |
| (iv) | Net domestic fixed capital formation | 60 |
| (v) | Private final consumption expenditure | 300 |
| (vi) | Private income | 280 |
| (vii) | Net factor income to abroad | -5 |
| (viii) | Closing stock | 8 |
| (ix) | Opening stock | 8 |
| (x) | Depreciation | 12 |
| (xi) | Corporate tax | 60 |
| Xii | Retained earnings of corporatio | 20 |
Define or explain the following concept.
Disposable income.
State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE:
Saving increases with increase in income.
Write explanatory notes.
Output method of measurement of national income.
Give reason or explain the following statement:
Old age pension is transfer income.
Match the following groups:
| Group A | Group B | ||
| 1) | Income method | a) | Personal income – direct taxes |
| 2) | Unemployment allowance | b) | Money value of goods and services |
| 3) | Disposable Income | c) | Factor cost method |
| 4) | National Income | d) | Personal income subsidy |
| 5) | NNP(MP) | e) | Transfer payment |
| f) | GNP(MP) - Depreciation | ||
| g) | Output method | ||
| h) | Transfer income | ||
Define the following:
Income from property and entrepreneurship
Study the following table, figure, passage and answer the question given below it.
| Components of GNP for the year 2018 |
In crores |
| Consumption | 200 |
| Investment | 300 |
| Govt.Expenditure | 400 |
| Net export | - 100 |
| Net receipts | - 50 |
| Depreciation | 100 |
A. Complete the formula
GNP = C + `square` + G + (X - M) + `square` (1m)
B. Calculate Gross National Product & Net National Product from the above data. (3m)
- Explain the concept of product (real flow) with the help of above diagram. (2m)
- Explain the concept of Money flow with the help of above diagram. (2m)
Per capita income is obtained by dividing the National income by the ______.
Write a short note on per capita income.
Explain the meaning of non-market activities.
Consider the following statements and identify the right ones.
- Personal income refers to the income of individuals of a country.
- The income at their disposal after paying direct taxes is called disposable income.
Which of the following items are excluded from GNP measurement?
If for a country net factor income from abroad is negative then:
The market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy over a year is called:
Identify and explain the following concept.
Shobha collected data regarding the money value of all final goods and services produced in the country for the financial year 2019-20.
