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प्रश्न
What is the main proposition of humanistic approach to personality? What did Maslow mean by self-actualisation?
Explain the humanistic approach to personality. What did Maslow mean by self-actualisation?
उत्तर
- Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have mainly contributed to developing a humanistic perspective on personality.
- The most crucial idea proposed by Rogers is that of a fully functioning person. He believes that fulfilment is the motivating force for personality development. People try to express their capabilities, potential and talents to the fullest extent possible. There is an inborn tendency among persons that directs them to actualise their inherited nature.
- Rogers makes two basic assumptions about human behaviour. One is that behaviour is goal-directed and worthwhile. The second is that people (who are innately good) will almost always choose adaptive, self-actualising behaviour. Rogers views personality development as a continuous process. It involves learning to evaluate oneself and mastering the process of self-actualisation.
- He recognises the role of social influences in the development of self-concept. When social conditions are favourable, the self-concept and self-esteem are high. In contrast, when the conditions are negative, the self-concept and self-esteem are low. People with high self-concept and self-esteem are generally flexible and open to new experiences to continue to grow and self-actualise.
- Maslow has given a detailed account of psychologically healthy people in terms of their attainment of self-actualisation, a state in which people have reached their fullest potential.
- Maslow had an optimistic view of a man with the potentialities for love, joy and creative work. Human beings are considered free to shape their lives and to self-actualise. Self-actualisation becomes possible by analysing the motivations that govern our lives.
- We know that biological, security, and belongingness needs (called survival needs) are commonly found among animals and human beings. Thus, an individual’s sole concern with satisfying these needs reduces them to the level of animals.
- The real journey of human life begins with the pursuit of self-esteem and self-actualisation needs. The humanistic approach emphasises the significance of positive aspects of life.
संबंधित प्रश्न
What is trait approach to personality?
Arihant wants to become a singer even though he belongs to a family of doctors. Though his family members claim to love him but strongly disapprove his choice of career. Using Carl Rogers’ terminology, describe the attitudes shown by Arihant’s family.
Hippocrates proposed a typology of personality based on ________.
Collective unconscious consists of _____ that are not individually acquired but are inherited.
Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R).
Assertion (A): Neurotic people have control over their feelings.
Reason (R): Neurotic people are anxious, moody, touchy, restless and are quick to lose control.
Discrepancy between the real self and ideal self often results in ______.
According to Karen Horney the origin of maladjustment can be traced to ______.
According to the Indian approach, personality is a combination of ____________ Gunas.
The ____________ focuses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals tend to differ in consistent and stable ways.
Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire was developed by ____________.
Arrange in sequence the stage of personality development according to Rollo May
Mechanistic and Cognitive approaches to motivation differ in the extent to which ______ are invoked to account for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of goal directed behaviour.
In Erikson's theory, which psycho-social crises proceed and succeed Autonomy v/s Shame:
Which of the following is considered to be the most promising empirical approach to the study of personality?
______ are over-learned modes of behaving.
Self is conceptualized in Western and Eastern perspectives on personality, respectively, as:
______ is goal-oriented behavior that leads to driving a reduction in the organism.
______ and learning operate as dual forces in almost all cases of behavior changes.
Who said that two major components of "person's" psychology were the twin notions of basic anxiety and basic hostility?
Which may not be a symptom of maladjustment?
Who put forward self-theory?
WAT was devised by ______
Who gave theory of Ideal Self in Personality Development?
The minnesta multiphasic personality inventory was developed by
The term used to refer to the first two weeks of life is ______
According to the Indian approach, personality is a combination of ______ Gunas.
The concept of interpersonal physical distance has been given by:
According to behaviourists, the personality of an individual is the result of ______.
Which of the following would a humanistic psychologist not use to explain an individual’s behaviour?
Amit throws temper tantrums every time he goes to the market with his parents. He insists that they buy him a new toy every time. Identify the most suitable behavioural technique to modify this unwanted behaviour.
Mother Teresa believed that she had a mission to fulfill and did what came naturally to her, loving others and serving them. Identify the trait being referred to here by Gordon Allport and how it affects a person's behaviour. Distinguish it from other traits given by him.
Some traits often get associated strongly with the name of the person and derive such identities as the 'Gandhian' or 'Hitlerian' trait.
A study found that one-third of British children, at age six, are afraid of snakes even though it is rare to encounter snakes in British Isles. ‘The children had never come in contact with snakes in a traumatic situation, but snakes still generated anxious response. How would Carl Jung's theory of personality explain the same? Throw some light on his theory.
A number of theories have been used to understand 'personality'. Discuss how efforts have been inade to categorise people into personality types since ancient times.
Aanya's application for admission to the college of her choice got rejected. When talking about the admission to the college with others, she tells everyone that she was never interested in studying in that college. Identify the defence mechanism used by Aanya.
Explain any four type theories in detail.
