Question

What remedies are available against these threats.

Answer 1

1. Network Layer Security: TCP/IP protocols may be secured with cryptographic methods and security protocols. These protocols include Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS) for web traffic, Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) for email, and IPsec for the network layer security.
2. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec): IPsec is designed to protect TCP/IP communication in a secure manner. It is a set of security extensions developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (ITF). It provides security and authentication at the IP layer by transforming data using encryption. Two main types of transformation that form the basis of IPsec: the Authentication Header (AH) and ESP. These two protocols provide data integrity, data origin authentication, and anti-replay service. These protocols can be used alone or in combination to provide the desired set of security services for the Internet Protocol (IP) layer.
   The basic components of the IPsec security architecture are described in terms of the following functionalities:
   1. Security protocols for AH and ESP
   2. Security association for policy management and traffic processing
   3. Manual and automatic key management for the Internet key exchange (IKE)
   4. Algorithms for authentication and encryption
3. Security Token: A six-digit code which randomly changes every 30-60 seconds on a security to rise is used. The key on the token has built in mathematical computations and manipulate numbers. Every thirty seconds only a certain number can be used to access the online account. The website that the user is logging into is made aware of the number. It verifies every time that the number used to log is the right one for a particular 30-60 seconds cycle.