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प्रश्न
Why was the end of the Second World War considered to be the beginning of Cold War? Explain.
उत्तर
Because of the following reasons, the end of the Second World War was considered the beginning of the Cold War:-
- The Second World War came to an end in 1945 when the US dropped atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, forcing Japan to surrender.
- However, the dropping of the two atom bombs on the Japanese cities became a controversial topic. The US supporters believed that it was necessary to do so to stop the war quickly, while the critics believed that the US did it on purpose to show Moscow their superiority.
- The end of the Second World War changed the arenas of conflicts. The fire of the Second World War extinguished but left some cinders.
- Now, the defeat of Germany and Japan paved way for the United States and the Soviet Union to become the greatest powers in the world.
- These two superpowers were rivals. Both sides had the capacity to start or retaliate against an attack and cause lots of destruction, but both could not afford to begin war. This was known as ‘logic of deterrence’.
- Thus, the rivalry between the two superpowers remained 'cold'. Both sides followed the logic of deterrence and began to make military blocs. Smaller states were forced to link to one superpower.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
| Column 'A' | Column 'B' | ||
| 1 | Head of the Commission of Enquiry | a | Chowdhary Charan Singh |
| 2 | Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1967 to 1969 | b | Jagjiwan Ram |
| 3 | Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1977 - 79 | c | J.C. Shah |
| 4 | Union Minister of India from 1952 - 1977 | d | Morarji Desai |
How are the threats faced by the people in the Third World different from those faced by the people living in the First World? Support your answer with examples.
Mention the duration of the First and the Second World Wars.
Here is a list of countries. Write against each of these the bloc they belonged to during the Cold War.
a) Poland
b) France
c) Japan
d) Nigeria
e) North Korea
f) Sri Lanka
Why did the superpowers have military alliances with smaller countries? Give three reasons.
Which of the following countries was not a NATO member?
After the Second World War, the world was divided into the blocks of ____________.
NATO is the formation of ____________.
The two decades after World War II, western Europe underwent an atmosphere termed as the ____________.
It was the aim of the ____________ to bring eventual economic union of its member nations, ultimately leading to political union.
Soviet-dominated economic organization founded in 1949 was ____________.
Which of the following was not a member of SEATO?
In which year U.S.S.R, intervened in the Hungry?
In both the 1950s and 1960s, national income approximately ____________.
The smaller states were important for superpowers due to ______
- Vital resources
- Territory
- Economic support
Identify the correct option.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follows:
The Western alliance was formalized into an organization, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which came into existence in April 1949. It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them in Europe or North America would be regarded as an attack on all of them.
Each of these states would be obliged to help the other. The eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw Pact, was led by the Soviet Union. It was created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe.
International alliances during the Cold War era were determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculaüons of the smaller states. As noted above, Europe became the main arena of conflict between the superpowers.
In some cases, the superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their respective alliances. Soviet intervention in east Europe provides an example. The Soviet Union used its influence in eastern Europe, backed by the very large presence of its armies in the countries of the region, to ensure that the eastern half of Europe remained within its sphere of influence.
In East and Southeast Asia and in West Asia (Middle East), the United States built an alliance system called — the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organization 1 (CENTO). The Soviet Union and communist China responded by having close relations with regional countries such as North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq.
What was the primary aim of the Warsaw Pact?
Why did the superpowers have military alliances with smaller countries? Choose the reason/reasons from the following option.
- Vital resources such as oil and minerals.
- The territory from where the superpowers could launch their weapons and troops.
- Locations from where they could spy on each other.
When did NATO come into existence?
NATO is also called 'Western Alliance' because most of its members belonged to ______.
During the Cold War period, the smaller states joined the two alliances to get ______ and ______
- the promise of protection against local rivals.
- membership of the UN Security Council.
- economic aid for self-defense.
Choose the correct option
How do the smaller states in the alliances use the link of the superpowers for their own purpose?
Choose the incorrect option regarding the Eastern Alliance.
During the Cold War period, the smaller states joined the two alliances to get ______ and ______.
- The promise of protection against local rivals
- Membership of the UN Security Council
- Economic aid for self-defense
Choose the correct option.
