Question

Write about the types of conservation.

Answer 1

Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water.

Types:
In-situ conservation:
It is the conservation of living resources within the natural ecosystem in which they occur.

1. National Parks:
   a. It is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife.
   b. Here, activities like forestry, grazing, or cultivation are not permitted.
   c. Eg – Guindy National Park in Chennai district.
2. Wildlife sanctuaries:
   a. A sanctuary is a protected area reserved for the conservation of animals only.
   b. Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of forest products and private ownership rights are allowed here.
   c. Controlled interference like tourist activity is also allowed.
3. Biosphere reserves:
   a. It is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system.
   b. The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometers.
   c. They conserve the ecosystem, species, and genetic resources.
   d. Eg – These areas are set up mainly for economic development.

• Ex-situ Conservation:
  It is the conservation of wildlife outside their habitat. Establishing zoos and botanical gardens, conservation of genes, seedling, and tissue.

1. Botanical gardens: 
   a. It is a place where flowers, fruits, and vegetables are grown.
   b. These places provide a healthy and calm environment.

2. Zoological parks:
   a. Zoological parks are the areas where wild animals are conserved.
   b. In India there are about 800 zoological parks.

3. Tissue Culture:
   It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds, or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.
4. Seed bank:
   The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them at a very low temperature.
5. Cryo Bank:
   It is a technique by which a seed or embryo is preserved at a very low temperature.