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प्रश्न
Write notes on Disaster.
उत्तर
- A hazard becomes a disaster when it affects the human population, settlement, and their activities.
- When natural events like volcanic eruptions occur in areas inhabited by humans and cause damage, they are termed as disasters.
- Disaster causes widespread loss of life and property.
- Generally, man-made disasters can be prevented as they happen due to mistakes or carelessness by humans.
Disasters can be classified into various types depending on their origin as per the following:
- Tectonic Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanic eruptions, Tsunamis.
- Geological Disasters: Landslides, Mudslides, Avalanches, etc.
- Meteorological Disasters: Floods, Cyclones, Storms, Heat Waves, etc.
- Biological Disasters: Locust attacks, Pest attacks, Epidemics, etc.
- Anthropogenic or Man-made Disasters: Industrial accidents, Transportation accidents, Nuclear accidents, etc.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Choose the correct alternative :
Statement A - The cyclonic depression originating in the Bay of Bengal is marching towards Tamil Nadu at a velocity of 350 km/ hr.
Statement B - The loss of life was not much but property loss occurred on a large scale.
Read about the following disasters which have occurred across the world and answer the following questions.
| Major Disasters |
|||
| Year | Disaster | Location | No. of deaths/loss incurred (approx.) |
| 1920 | Earthquake | China | 2,35,000 |
| 1923 | Earthquake | Japan | 1,42,000 |
| 1970 | Bhola Cyclone | India and Bangladesh | 5,00,000 |
| 1984 | Release of gas Methyl Isocyanate | Bhopal, India | 10,000; 5.5lakh affected |
| 1985 | Ruiz Volcanic Eruption | Colombia | 25,000 |
| 1994 | Landslide | Varandha Ghat, Maharashtra, India | 20; Breaching of ghat road, Konkan Coast damaged to the extent of 1 km at several places |
| 1995 | Rail accident | Firozabad, India | 400 |
| 1999 | Cyclone | Odisha, India | 10,000 |
| 2004 | Tsunami | India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka | 2,50,000 |
| 2005 | Earthquake | India and Pakistan | 80,000 |
| 2005 | Flash Floods | Mumbai, India | 1100 |
| 2014 | Hailstorm | Maharashtra, India | Affected many standing crops, 2700 farm animals dead |
| 2019 | Cyclone Fani | Odisha, India | 89 |
- Classify these disasters into natural and man-made disasters.
- Which of these disasters occurred due to climatic conditions?
- Which of these disasters occurred due to geological causes?
- Can you relate the location of a disaster with its cause?
- Besides the number of deaths, what other losses might be occurring after the disasters?
- Comparing the cyclones of 1999 and 2019, can you think of the reasons behind the reduction in the number of deaths?
- Which of these disasters can be predicted in advance?
- Of those disasters for which prediction can be made, can the people be evacuated from the area?
- Why do some people get affected by the disaster in specific regions?
If an earthquake occurs with a magnitude of more than 6 in the Sahara desert area which is totally uninhabited by humans and a similar one occurs in Assam, which one would you call a disaster?
Given below is a list of measures taken for disaster. Write whether they are pre-disaster or post-disaster and structural or non-structural. Also, write the name of the disaster for which they are used. Complete the table.
| Sr. No. | Measures | Pre-disaster/ Post-disaster | Structural/ Nonstructural | Disaster/(s) to which they are applicable |
| 1. | Conducting mock drills. | Pre-disaster | Non-structural | Earthquake, Landslides, Fire |
| 2. | Discussions about disaster risks and community problems and solutions. | |||
| 3. | Using art, documentaries, music, and drama to portray the impact of disasters on communities | |||
| 4. | Inviting emergency services personnel to provide lectures/ demonstrations. | |||
| 5. | Making booklets on disaster-related information. | |||
| 6. | Retrofit old buildings | |||
| 7. | Constructing shelters and evacuation chambers. | |||
| 8. | Making a change in land use policy regarding the construction of houses in low-lying areas. | |||
| 9. | Constructing buildings and houses using disaster-resistant material, designed to comply with relevant BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) codes. | |||
| 10. | Constructing proper drains. | |||
| 11. | Carrying out plantation activities. | |||
| 12. | Regular disaster-related activities through radio, TV newspapers, etc. | |||
| 13. | Using satellites for early warning. | |||
| 14. | Evacuation routes in disaster management plans should be delineated |
