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प्रश्न
Write short note on the following :
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Mitochondria
उत्तर
(a) Golgi apparatus:
- Golgi apparatus consists of a set of membrane-bounded, fluid-filled vesicles, vacuoles, and flattened cisternae.
- Cisternae are stacked together in parallel rows. They are formed at one end of the stack, called cis face of Golgi, and are budded off as vesicles at the other face, called trans face of Golgi.
- Golgi apparatus arises from the membrane of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
- Golgi saccules (cisternae at cis and trans face) are constantly renewed. Distal saccules (trans face) disappear after vesicle formation.
- The main function of Golgi apparatus is to secrete vacuoles or secretory vesicles that contain cellular secretions such as enzymes, proteins, and cellulose.
(b) Mitochondria:
- Mitochondria are tiny bodies of varying shapes and sizes distributed in the cytoplasm.
- They are bounded by a double membrane envelope.
- The inner membrane is folded several times forming cristae. Each cristae are studded with small round bodies known as F1 paricles or oxysomes.
- The interior cavity of the mitochondria is filled with a proteinaceous (gel-like) matrix which contains a few small-sized ribosomes, a circular DNA molecule and phosphate granules.
- The main function of mitochondria is to synthesise ATP (energy-rich molecule) and provide energy to the cell via cellular respiration; hence, they are called as powerhouses of the cell.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name the part of the cell concerned with the following :
Synthesis of proteins
How many chromosome pairs are found in human cells?
Match the item in column 'A' with those in column 'B'.
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Vacuoles | (i) Intracellular digestion |
| (b) Nucleolus | (ii) Respiratory enzymes |
| (c) Lysosomes | (iii) Covered by tonoplast |
| (d) Anthocyanin | (iv) Dissolved in the cytoplasm |
| (e) Cristae | (v) Forms RNA |
State the major function of the following :
Cytoplasm:
Put a tick mark (✓) against the correct alternative in the following statement:
The organelle that controls all activities in
Put a tick mark (✓) against the correct alternative in the following statement:
The vacuole contains:
Write true or false for each statement. Rewrite the false statements correctly:
Vacuoles are filled with a fluid called nucleoplasm
Give one main function of the following:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A typical cell consists of ______ major parts.
Identify the cellular structure with the help of the following clue:
It is made up of DNA threads.
