Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam OCM Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Maharashtra State Board Syllabus 2025-26 12th Standard Board Exam: The Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam OCM Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the MSBSHSE, Maharashtra State Board. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam OCM Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Maharashtra State Board syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam OCM Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.
Academic year:
Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Organisation of Commerce and Management Revised Syllabus
Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Organisation of Commerce and Management and their Unit wise marks distribution
Maharashtra State Board 12th Standard Board Exam Organisation of Commerce and Management Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme
Advertisements
Advertisements
Advertisements
Syllabus
1 Principles of Management
- Concept of Principles of Management
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features
- Nature of Principles of Management
- Universal application
- General guidelines
- Principles are formed by practice and experiments
- Flexibility
- Behavioral in nature
- Cause and effect relationship
- All principles are of equal importance
- Significance of Management Principles
- Provides useful insight to managers
- Helpful inefficient utilization of resources
- Scientific decisions
- Understanding social responsibility
- Encourages Research and Development (R and D)
- Helps to coordinate and control
- Develops objective approach
- Theories of Management
- Henry Fayol's Administrative Theory of Management
- Principle of Division of Work
- Principle of Authority and Responsibility
- Principle of Discipline
- Principle of Unity of Command
- Principle of Unity of Direction
- Principle of Subordination of Individual Interest to Organisational Interest
- Principle of Centralization
- Principle of Remuneration
- Principle of Scalar Chain
- Principle of Order
- Principle of Equity
- Principle of Stability of Tenure
- Principle of Initiative
- Principle of Esprit de corpse: (Teamwork)
- Fredrick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
- Principles of Taylor’s Scientific Management
- Science, Not Rule of Thumb
- Harmony, Not Discord
- Mental Revolution
- Cooperation, Not Individualism
- Division of Responsibility
- Development of employer and employees for greater efficiency and maximum prosperity
- Techniques of Taylor’s Scientific Management
- Work Study
- Standardization of Tools and Equipment
- Scientific Task Setting
- Scientific Selection and Training
- Functional Organization
- Differential Piece-Rate Wage Plan
1 Forms of Business Organizations
- Concept of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Meaning and Features of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Distinction between sole proprietorship
- Merits of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Limitations of Sole Proprietorship Or Sole Trader
- Hindu Undivided Family Business Or Joint Hindu Family Business
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features
- Concept of Partnership
- Registration of a Partnership Firm
- Types of Partners
- Active
- Sleeping
- Secret
- Nominal
- Partner by estoppel
- Minor Partner
- Partner by Holding out
- Partner in profit only
- Concept of Cooperative Societies
- Concept of Company
- Meaning and Features of Company
- Types of Company - Public
- Types of Company - Private
- Merits of Company
- Limitations of Company
- Basic Factors of Starting a Business
- Choice of Form of Business Organization
2 Functions of Management
- Functions of Management
- Planning
- Meaning
- Definition
- Koontz and O'Donnell
- James Stoner
- Importance of Planning
- Helps to set clear objectives
- Provides path of action
- Planning improves performance
- Minimizes the risk
- Planning leads to optimum utilization of resources
- Helps in decision making
- Useful in setting the standards for controlling
- Facilitates Coordination of all activities
- Facilitates other management functions
- Promotes innovative ideas
- Staffing
- Meaning
- Definitions
- Theo Haimann
- Luther Gullick
- S. Benjamin
- Importance of Staffing
- Effective Managerial Function
- Leads to Effective Utilization of Human Resources
- Builds Cordial Relationship
- Helps Human Resource Development
- Helps in Effective use of Technology and Other Resources
- Improves Efficiency
- Long Term Effect
- Essential Contribution
- Provides Job Satisfaction
- Maintains Harmony
- Directing
- Meaning
- Definitions
- Theo Haimann
- Earnest Dale
- Urwick and Brech
- Importance of Directing
- Initiates Action
- Integrates Efforts
- Means of Motivation
- Provides Stability
- Coping up with the Changes
- Effective Utilization of Resources
- Creates Team Spirit
- Explores Capabilities of Individuals
- Increases Efficiency Level
- Co-operation
- Co-ordinating
- Meaning
- Definitions
- McFarland
- Henry Fayol
- Mooney and Reeley
- Importance of Co-ordinating
- Encourages Team Spirit
- Gives Proper Direction
- Facilitates Motivation
- Optimum Utilization of Resources
- Achieve Organizational Objectives
- Improves Relation
- Leads to Higher Efficiency
- Improves Goodwill
- Unity of Direction
- Specialization
- Planning
- Meaning and Definition of Controlling
- Meaning of Controlling
- Definitions of Controlling - Koontz and O'Donnell, Dale Henning, Philip Kotler
- Steps in Controlling Process
- Setting performance standards
- Measurement of actual performance
- Comparison of actual performance with standards
- Analysing deviations
- Taking corrective action
- Importance of Controlling
- Fulfilling Goals of Organization
- Making Efficient Utilization of Resources
- Accuracy of Standards
- Motivates Employee
- Ensures Order and Discipline
- Facilitates Co-ordination
- Psychological Pressure
- Ensures Organizational Efficiency and Effectiveness
- Builds Good Corporate Image
- Acts as a Guide
2 Business Services
- Meaning of Business Services
- Types of Business Services
- Banking
- Insurance
- Transportation
- Warehousing
- Communication
- Types of Bank
- Based on the functions of banks
- Central Bank
- Commercial Banks
- Development Banks
- Cooperative Banks
- Foreign Banks
- Regional Rural Banks - RRBs
- Specialised Banks
- Local Area Banks
- Small Finance Banks
- Payment Bank
- Multilateral Development Banks - MDBs
- Based on the Status given by the RBI
- Scheduled Banks and Non Scheduled Banks
- Based on the Ownership Pattern
- Function of Commercial Banks
- Banking Services with Particular Reference - E-banking
- Concept of Insurance
Meaning of Insurance
Principles of Insurance :
- utmost good faith
- insurable interest
- indemnity
- contribution
- doctrine of subrogation
- causa proxima
- mitigation of loss
- Concept of Postal Service
- Meaning of Mail
- Meaning of Registered Post
- Meaning of Parcel
- Meaning of Speed Post
- Meaning of Courier
- Concept of Telecom Services
- Meaning of Cellular Mobile services
- Meaning of Radio Paging services
- Meaning of Fixed line services
- Meaning of Castle services
- Meaning of VSAT Services
- Meaning of DTH Services
- Concept of Warehousing
- Types of Warehouses
- Functions of Warehousing
- Meaning of Transport
- Role of Transport
3 Emerging Modes of Business
- Concept of E-business
- Meaning of E-Business
- Nature of E-Business
- e-business versus e-commerce
- Resources Required for Successful E-business Implementation
- Security and Safety of Business Transactions
- Concept of Outsourcing
- Meaning of Outsourcing
- Parties involved - the Outsourcer, the outsourced and the Service Provider
- Features of Outsourcing
- Need of Outsourcing
- Scope of Outsourcing
- Online Transaction
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Procedure of Online Transaction
- Buying Selling Process
- Information Technology Act 2000 paves way for Paperless Society
- Payment Mechanism
3 Entrepreneurship Development
- Entrepreneurship
- Introduction
- History
- Definition
- Concept
- Entrepreneur as a Risk Bearer
- Entrepreneur as an Organiser
- Entrepreneur as an Innovator
- Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
- Competencies of Entrepreneurship
- Concept of Entrepreneur
- Characteristics of an Entrepreneur
- Intellectual Capabilities
- Future Vision
- Hard Work
- Technical Knowledge
- Communication Skills
- Highly Optimistic
- Risk bearing capacity
- Self Confidence
- Qualities of a Successful Entrepreneur
- Disciplined
- Confidence
- Open-Minded
- Self Starter
- Competitive
- Creativity
- Determination
- Strong communication skills
- Strong work ethic
- Passion
- Functions of an Entrepreneur
- Innovation
- Determination of Objectives
- Development of Market
- New Technology
- Good Relations
- Organizing Funds
- Taking Decisions
- Concept of Entrepreneurship Development
- Meaning and features of Entrepreneurship Development
- Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
- Innovation
- Economic activity
- Organization Building
- Creative activity
- Managerial skill and leadership
- Skillful management
- Risk Bearing
- Gap filling function
- Spirit of Enterprise
- Self Confidence
- Flexibility
- Resource Mobilisation
- Hard work
- Leadership
- Foresight
- Analytical Ability
- Decision Making
- Process of Entrepreneurship Development
- Training
- Entrepreneurship Development Process (EDP)
- Initiatives in Entrepreneurship Development
- Start Up India
- Stand Up India
- Agro Tourism
- Intrapreneurship
4 Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics.
- Concept of Social Responsibility
- Introduction
- Definition
- Concept of Social Responsibility
- Need for Social responsibility
- Concept of Trusteeship
- Changing expectations of society
- Reputation
- Protection of Environment
- Optimum Utilisation of Resources
- Pressure of trade Union
- Growth of Consumer Movement
- Government Control
- Long term self-interest
- Complexities of Social Problems
- Globalisation
- Role of Media
- Case of Social Responsibility
- Responsibility Towards - Owners
- Responsibility Towards - Investors
- Responsibility Towards - Consumers
- Responsibility Towards - Employees
- Responsibility Towards - Government
- Responsibility Towards - Community
- Responsibility Towards - Public in General
- Meaning of Environment Protection and Business
- Concept of Business Ethics
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features of Business Ethics
- Code of conduct
- Based on moral and social values
- Gives protection to social groups
- Provides basic framework
- Voluntary
- Requires education and guidance
- Relative term
- New concept
- Moral and social values
- Elements of Business Ethics
- Role of Environment Protection and Business
4 Business Services
- Services
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Philip Kotler
- American Marketing Association
- Features of services
- Intangibility
- Inseparability
- Inconsistency
- Perishability
- Non-transferability
- Consumer participation
- Banking
- Education
- Educational Loans
- Health
- Communication
- Transport
- Business Services
- Banking
- Meaning
- Types of Banks
- Central Bank
- Commercial Bank
- Co-operative Bank
- Industrial Development Banks
- Exchange Banks
- Regional Rural Bank
- Savings Bank
- Investment Bank
- Specialised Banks
- Insurance
- Meaning and Definition of Insurance
Principles of insurance
- Principle of Utmost good faith
- Principle of Insurable interest
- Principle of Indemnity
- Principle of Subrogation
- Principle of Contribution
- Principle of Mitigation of loss
- Principle of Causa-Proxima
Types of insurance
- Life Insurance
- Marine Insurance
- Fire Insurance
- Transport
- Meaning
- Modes of Transport
- Road Transport
- Rail Transport
- Air Transport
- Communication
- Meaning
- Types of Communication
- Postal Services
- Mail Services
- Specialised Postal Services
- Money Remittance Services
- Retail Services
- Modem means of communication
- Courier Service
- Internet
- Satellite Communication
- Cyber Space – Internet
- Warehousing
- Meaning
- Types of Communication
- Postal Services
- Mail Services
- Specialised Postal Services
- Money Remittance Services
- Retail Services
- Modem means of communication
- Courier Service
- Internet
- Banking
- Functions of Commercial Banks
- E-banking Service
- Automated Teller Machine
- Credit Cards
- Debit Cards
- RTGS
- NEFT
- Net Banking and Mobile Banking
- IMPS Facility
5 Consumer Protection
- Concept of Consumer Protection
- Meanng and Features of Consumer Protection
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Rights and Responsibilities of Consumers
- Consumer Protection Act 1986 (COPRA)
- Salient features of The Indian Consumer Protection Act, 1986
- Importance of Consumer Protection
- Objectives of the Consumer Protection Act 1986
- Legal Redressal Machinery Under Consumer Protection Act 1986
- Role of Consumer Organizations and Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Consumer Awareness
5 Emerging Modes of Business
- Concept of E-business
- Meaning of E-Business
- Nature of E-Business
- e-business versus e-commerce
- Scope of E-business
- Various Types of E-business Transactions are:
- Business to Business (B2B)
- Business to Consumer (B2C)
- Intra-B Commerce
- Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
- Consumer to Business (C2B)
- Business to Administration (B2A)
- Consumer to Administration (C2A)
- ATM speeds up Withdrawal of Money
- e-commerce makes flexible Manufacturing and Mass Customisation possible
- Benefits of E-business
- Ease of formation
- Lower Investment requirements
- Convenience
- Speed
- Global access
- Movement towards a paperless society
- Government support
- Easy payment
- Limitations of E-business
- Lack of personal touch
- Incongruence between order taking/giving and order fulfilment speed
- Need for technology capability and competence of parties to e-business
- Delivery Time
- Security issues
- Government interference
- High Risk
- People resistance
- Ethical fallouts
- Despite limitations, e-commerce is the way
- Online Transaction
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Procedure of Online Transaction
- Buying Selling Process
- Information Technology Act 2000 paves way for Paperless Society
- Outsourcing
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Need for Outsourcing
- Features of Outsourcing
- Transferring Non Core Activities to Outsiders
- Outsourcing Involves Contracting
- Operational Efficiency through Outsourcing
- Improved Customers Satisfaction
- Cost Reduction
- Advantages of Outsourcing
- Overall cost advantages
- Stimulates entrepreneurship, employment and exports
- Low manpower Cost
- Access to professional, expert, and high-Quality services
- Emphasis on core process rather than the supporting ones
- Investment requirements are reduced
- Increased efficiency and productivity
- Knowledge sharing
- Disadvantages of Outsourcing / Limitations of Outsourcing
- Lack of customer focus
- A threat to security and confidentiality
- Dissatisfactory services
- Ethical issues
- Other disadvantages
- Core and Non Core activities
- Benefits
- Focusing on Core Activities
- To Fill up Economic Development
- Encourages Employment Opportunities
- Reduction in Investment
- Quest for Excellence
- Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Advantages and Disadvantages of BPO
- Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Meaning and Features of Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Advantages and Disadvantages of KPO
- Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO)
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Advantages and Disadvantages of LPO
6 Social Responsibilities of Business
- Concept of Social Responsibility
- Introduction
- Definition
- Concept of Social Responsibility
- Need for Social responsibility
- Concept of Trusteeship
- Changing expectations of society
- Reputation
- Protection of Environment
- Optimum Utilisation of Resources
- Pressure of trade Union
- Growth of Consumer Movement
- Government Control
- Long term self-interest
- Complexities of Social Problems
- Globalisation
- Role of Media
- Responsibilities Towards Different Interest Groups
- Responsibilities Towards Owners
- Responsibilities Towards Owners
- Reasonable Profit
- Exploring Business Opportunities
- Optimum Use of Capital
- Minimise Wastages
- Efficient Business
- Expansion and Diversification
- Periodic information
- Effective Use of owners' Funds
- Creating Goodwill
- Responsibilities Towards Investors
- Proper Conduct of Meetings
- Return on Investment
- Handling Grievances
- Maintain Transparency
- Proper Disclosure of Information
- Maintain Solvency and Prestige
- Responsibilities Towards Employees
- Job security
- Fair Remuneration
- Health and Safety Measures
- Good Working Condition
- Recognition of Trade Unions
- Education and Training
- Workers Participation in Management
- Promotion and Career Opportunities
- Proper Grievance Procedure
- Miscellaneous
- Responsibilities Towards Consumers
- Good Quality Products
- Fair Prices
- Customer's Safety
- Honest Advertising
- After Sales Service
- Research and Development
- Regular Supply
- Attend Complaints
- Training
- Avoid Customer Exploitation
- Responsibilities Towards Government
- Timely Payment of Taxes
- Observing rules and regulations
- Earning Foreign Exchange
- Economic Development
- Implementing Socio-Economic Policies
- Suggestions to the Government
- No favours
- Contributing to Government Treasury
- Responsibilities Towards Community/Society/Public in General
- Protection of environment
- Better and Maximum Use of Resources
- Reservation for Weaker Section
- Development of Backward Regions
- Protest against Anti-Social Activities
- Financial Assistance
- Prevent Congestions
- Employment Generation
- Responsibilities Towards Owners
- Social Responsibility Towards Protection of Environment
- Effect of Business on Environment
1) Air Pollution
2) Water Pollution
3) Sound Pollution
4) Electronic Garbage
- Effect of Business on Environment
- Concept of Business Ethics
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features of Business Ethics
- Code of conduct
- Based on moral and social values
- Gives protection to social groups
- Provides basic framework
- Voluntary
- Requires education and guidance
- Relative term
- New concept
- Moral and social values
- Corporate Social Responsibility
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Scope of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
- Applicability of CSR
- CSR Committee
- CSR Activities
- Allocation of Funds
- Non-compliance of CSR activities
6 Principles of Management
- Concept of Principles of Management
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features
- Significance of Management Principles
- Provides useful insight to managers
- Helpful inefficient utilization of resources
- Scientific decisions
- Understanding social responsibility
- Encourages Research and Development (R and D)
- Helps to coordinate and control
- Develops objective approach
- Fayol’s Principles of Management
- Principles of Taylor’s Scientific Management
- Science, Not Rule of Thumb
- Harmony, Not Discord
- Mental Revolution
- Cooperation, Not Individualism
- Division of Responsibility
- Development of employer and employees for greater efficiency and maximum prosperity
- Techniques of Taylor’s Scientific Management
- Work Study
- Standardization of Tools and Equipment
- Scientific Task Setting
- Scientific Selection and Training
- Functional Organization
- Differential Piece-Rate Wage Plan
7 Functions of Management
- Management Functions
- Planning - Concept and Importance of Planning
- Controlling - Concept and Importance of Controlling
- Coordination - Concept and Importance of Coordination
- Directing - Concept and Importance of Directing
- Organizing - Concept and Importance of Organizing
- Staffing - Concept and Importance of Staffing
7 Consumer Protection
- Consumer
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Need and Importance of Consumer Protection
- Need of participation of consumers
- Lack of information
- Ignorance
- Unorganized Consumers
- Spurious Goods
- Misleading Advertising
- Malpractices of Businessmen
- Trusteeship
- Rights of Consumers
- Right to Safety
- Right to Information
- Right to Choose
- Right to be heard
- Right to Consumer Education
- Right to Represent
- Right to Redress
- Right to Healthy Environment
- Right to protect from unfair business practices
- Right against spurious goods
- Responsibilities of Consumers
- Consumer should use his rights
- Cautious consumer
- Filing of complaint
- Quality conscious
- Beware from exaggerated advertisement
- Demand of Invoice and Guarantee, Warranty Card
- Pre-planned buying
- Organised Efforts
- Ways and Means of Consumer Protection
- Lok Adalat
- Public Interest Litigation (Janahit Yachika)
- Redressal Forums
- Awareness Programme
- Consumer Organizations
- Consumer Welfare Fund (CWF)
- Legislative Measures
- Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- Dispute redressal forums established under Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- District Commission
- State Commission
- National Commission
- Role of Consumer Organisations and NGO's
8 Marketing
- Concept of Marketing
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition
- Features of Marketing
- Markets
- Place concept of Market
- Commodity Concept of Market
- Exchange concept of Market
- Area concept of Market
- Demand or Customer concept of Market
- Space or Digital concept of Market
- Types of Market
- On the Basis of Area Covered
- On the Basis of Time
- On the Basis of Volume of Transaction
- On the Basis of Importance
- On the Basis of Nature of Goods
- On the Basis of Regulation
- On the Basis of Competition
- Imperfect markets: a) Monopoly b) Duopoly c) Oligopoly d) Monopoly
- Importance of Marketing
- Importance of Marketing to the Society
- Importance of Marketing to the Firm
- Importance of Marketing to the Consumers
- Functions of Marketing
- Marketing Research
- Buying and Assembling
- Market Planning
- Product Development
- Standardisation and Grading
- Packaging and Labelling
- Branding
- Customer Support Service
- Pricing of Product
- Promotional Channels
- Distribution
- Transportation
- Warehousing
- Concept of Marketing Mix
- Product
- Price
- Place
- Promotion
- People
- Process
- Physical Environment
8 Entrepreneurship Development
- Concept of Entrepreneurship Development
- Meaning and features of Entrepreneurship Development
- Function of Entrepreneurship Development
- Need of Entrepreneurship Development
- Entrepreneurship
- Introduction
- History
- Definition
- Concept
- Entrepreneur as a Risk Bearer
- Entrepreneur as an Organiser
- Entrepreneur as an Innovator
- Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
- Competencies of Entrepreneurship
- Concept of Entrepreneur
- Process of Entrepreneurship Development
- Training
- Entrepreneurship Development Process (EDP)
- Entrepreneurship Value
- Meaning and Concept of Entrepreneurship Value Attitudes
- Meaning and Concept of Entrepreneurship Value Motivation
