Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2024-25 Class 12: The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Syllabus for the examination year 2024-25 has been released by the Tamil Nadu Board, Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2024-25 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Syllabus for 2024-25 is below.
Academic year:
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Revised Syllabus
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics and their Unit wise marks distribution
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Physics Course Structure 2024-25 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Electrostatics
- Historical Background of Electric Charges
- Basic Properties of Charges
- Electric charge
- Conservation of charges
- Quantisation of charges
- Coulomb’s Law - Force Between Two Point Charges
- Scalar form of Coulomb’s Law
- Relative Permittivity or Dielectric Constant
- Definition of Unit Charge from the Coulomb’s Law
- Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form
- Electric Field and Electric Field Lines
- Electric Field
- Electric field due to the system of point charges
- Electric field due to continuous charge distribution
- Electric field lines
- Electric Dipole and Its Properties
- Electric dipole
- Electric field due to a dipole
- Torque experienced by an electric dipole in the uniform electric field
- Electrostatic Potential and Potential Energy
- Electrostatic Potential energy and Electrostatic potential
- Electric potential due to a point charge
- Electrostatic potential at a point due to an electric dipole
- Equi-potential Surface
- Relation between electric field and potential
- Electrostatic potential energy for collection of point charges
- Electrostatic potential energy of a dipole in a uniform electric field
- Gauss Law and Its Application
- Electric Flux
- Electric flux for closed surfaces
- Gauss law
- Applications of Gauss law
- Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
- Conductors at electrostatic equilibrium
- Electrostatic shielding
- Electrostatic induction
- Dielectrics or insulators
- Induced Electric field inside the dielectric
- Dielectric strength
- Capacitors and Capacitance
- Capacitance
- Redistribution of charges and concept of common potential
- Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor
- Capacitor
- Principle of a capacitor
- Types of capacitor
1) Parallel plate capacitor
2) Spherical capacitor
3) Cylindrical capacitor - Applications of capacitors
- Distribution of Charges in a Conductor and Action at Points
- Distribution of charges in a conductor
- Action of points or Corona discharge
- Lightning arrester or lightning conductor
- Van de Graaff Generator
2 Current Electricity
- Electric Current
- Ampere: Pioneer of Electric Current Measurement
- Electric Current
- Ohm's Law (V = IR)
- Introduction
- Limitations and Applications
- Energy and Power in Electrical Circuits
- Electric Cells and Batteries
- Electromotive force and internal resistance
- Determination of internal resistance
- Cells in series
- Cells in parallel
- Kirchhoff’s Rules
- Kirchhoff's law
- Kirchhoff's first law or Kirchhoff's current law (KCL)
- Kirchhofrs second law or Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL)
- Applications of Kirchhoff's law
- Wheatstone’s bridge
- Meter bridge
- Potentiometer
- Comparison of emf of two cells with a potentiometer
- Measurement of internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer
- Effects of Electric Current
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Introduction
- Joule’s Law of Heating
- Applications
- Units of Power and Energy
- Safety Measures and Overloading
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Thermoelectric Effect
- Seebeck effect
- Peltier effect
- Thomson effect
3 Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
- Introduction to Magnetism
- Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
- Basic properties of magnets
- Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law of Magnetism
- Magnetic field at a point along the axial line of the magnetic dipole (bar magnet)
- Magnetic field at a point along the equatorial line due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet)
- Torque Acting on a Bar Magnet in Uniform Magnetic Field
- Potential energy of a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field
- Magnetic Properties
- Magnetic properties:
- Magnetising field
- Magnetic permeability
- Intensity of magnetisation
- Magnetic induction or total magnetic field
- Magnetic susceptibility
- Substances can be classified into five categories:
- Paramagnetic
- Diamagnetic
- Ferromagnetic
- Antiferromagnetic
- Ferrimagnetic
- Classification of Magnetic Materials
- Classification of Magnetic Materials:
- Diamagnetic
- Paramagnetic
- Ferromagnetic
- Ferrimagnetic
- Antiferromagnetic
- Piezoelectricity
- Pyroelectricity
- Hysteresis
- Magnetic Effects of Current
- Oersted experiment
- Magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor and circular loop
- Right hand thumb rule
- Maxwell’s right hand cork screw rule
- Biot - Savart Law
- Definition and explanation of Biot- Savart law
- Magnetic field due to long straight conductor carrying current
- Magnetic field produced along the axis of the current-carrying circular coil
- Tangent law and Tangent Galvanometer
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole
- Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Ampere's Law and Its Applications to Infinitely Long Straight Wire
- Magnetic field due to the current carrying wire of infinite length using Ampère’s law
- Magnetic field due to a long current carrying solenoid
- Toroid
- Lorentz Force
- Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field
- Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field
- Motion of a charged particle under crossed electric and magnetic field (velocity selector)
- Cyclotron
- Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
- Force between two long parallel current carrying conductors
- Torque on a Current Loop in Magnetic Field
- Torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field
- Circular current loop as a magnetic dipole
- The magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
4 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Introduction
- Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
- Application
- Eddy Currents
- Eddy Current
- Drawbacks
- Applications
1) Dead-beat galvanometer
2) Electric-brakes
3) Induction furnace
4) Speedometer
5) Energy meter
6) Induction motor
- Self–Induction
- Introduction
- Self-inductance of a long solenoid
- Mutual induction
- Mutual inductance between two long co-axial solenoids
- Methods of Producing Induced Emf
- Introduction
- Production of induced emf by changing the magnetic field
- Production of induced emf by changing the area of the coil
- Production of induced emf by changing relative orientation of the coil with the magnetic field
- A.C. Generator
- A.C. Generator (A. C. dynamo)
- Principle of A.C. generator
- Transformers
- Transformer
- Principle of transformer
- Efficiency of transformer (η)
- Losses in transformer
1) Cu loss (I2R)
2) Eddy current loss
3) Hysteresis loss
4) Magnetic flux leakage
5) Humming losses
- Alternating Currents
- Alternating current
- Terms Related to alternating current
- Instantaneous value
- Peak value
- Mean value or average value
- Mean square value
- Root mean square (r.m.s) value
- Peak to peak value
- Form factor and peak factor
- Impedance (Z)
- Reactance (X): Inductive and Capacitive reactance
- Admittance (Y)
- Susceptance (S): Inductive and Capacitive susceptance
- Conductance
- Power in AC Circuit
- Average power associated with resistance (power in AC circuit with resistance)
- Average power associated with an inductor
- Average power associated with a capacitor
- Average power in LCR Circuit
- Oscillation in LC Circuits
- Energy conversion during LC oscillations
- Conservation of energy in LC oscillations
- Analogies between LC oscillations and simple harmonic oscillations
5 Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Sources of electromagnetic waves: Hertz's experiment
- Nature of electromagnetic waves
- Speed of electromagnetic waves
- Production and properties of electromagnetic waves
- Electromagnetic Waves and Their Characteristics
1) Energy density
2) Poynting vector
3) Momentum
- Types of Spectrum Emission and Absorption Spectrumfraunhofer Lines
6 Ray Optics
- Introduction to Light
- Spherical Mirrors
- Paraxial Rays and Marginal Rays
- Relation between f and R
- Image formation in spherical mirrors
- Cartesian sign convention
- The mirror equation
- Lateral magnification in spherical mirrors
- Speed of Light
- Fizeau’s method to determine speed of light
- Speed of light through different media
- Refractive index
- Optical path
- Refraction
- Refraction at Single Spherical Surface
- Equation for Refraction at Single Spherical Surface
- Lateral magnification in single spherical surface
- Thin Lens
- Primary and secondary focal points
- Sign conventions for lens on focal length
- Lens maker’s formula and lens equation
- Lateral magnification in thins lens
- Silvered lenses
- Power of a lens
- Focal length of lenses in contact
- Focal length of lenses in out of contact
- Prism
- Theories on Light
- Corpuscular theory
- Wave theory
- Electromagnetic wave theory
- Quantum theory
- Wave Nature of Light
- Wave optics
- Huygens’ Principle
- Proof for laws of reflection using Huygens’ Principle
- Proof for laws of refraction using Huygens’ Principle
- Interference
- Diffraction of Light
- Diffraction of light
- Examples of diffraction of light
- Polarisation
- Method of producing polarised light
- Polarisation by reflection
- By Dichroism
- By double refraction
- Nicol prism
- By scattering
- Uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids
- Optical Instruments
7 Wave Optics
- Theories on Light
- Corpuscular theory
- Wave theory
- Electromagnetic wave theory
- Quantum theory
- Wave Nature of Light
- Wave optics
- Huygens’ Principle
- Proof for laws of reflection using Huygens’ Principle
- Proof for laws of refraction using Huygens’ Principle
- Huygens' Principle
- Wavefront
- Wave normal
- Wave surface
- Huygens' Principle
- Spherical Wavefront
- Plane Wavefront
- Cylindrical wavefront
- Proof of Laws of Reflection and Refraction Using Huygens' Principle
- Proof of laws of reflection by using Huygens' principle
- Proof of laws of refraction using Huygens' Principle
- Interference
- Diffraction of Light
- Diffraction of light
- Examples of diffraction of light
- Polarisation
- Method of producing polarised light
- Polarisation by reflection
- By Dichroism
- By double refraction
- Nicol prism
- By scattering
- Uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids
- Optical Instruments
- Optical Instruments: Simple Microscope
- Near point focusing
- Normal focusing
- Resolving power of microscope
- Resolving power of telescope
- Optical Instruments: Compound Microscope
- Magnification in compound microscope
- Optical Instruments: Telescope
- Astronomical telescope and Magnification in astronomical telescope
- Terrestrial telescope
- Reflecting telescope
- Optical Instruments: Spectrometer
- Three parts of spectrometer
(i) Collimator
(ii) Prism table
(iii) Telescope - Preliminary adjustments of the spectrometer
(a) Adjustment of the eyepiece
(b) Adjustment of the telescope
(c) Adjustment of the collimator
(d) Levelling of the prism table - Determination of refractive index of material of the prism
(i) Angle of the prism A
(ii) Angle of minimum deviation D
- Three parts of spectrometer
- Optical Instruments: the Eye
- Nearsightedness (myopia)
- Farsightedness (hypermetropia)
- Astigmatism
8 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Electron Emission
- Electron emission
- Thermionic emission
- Field emission
- Photoelectric emission
- Photo Electric Effect
- Hertz, Hallwachs and Lenard’s observation
- Effect of intensity of incident light on photoelectric current
- Effect of potential difference on photoelectric current
- Effect of frequency of incident light on stopping potential
- Laws of photoelectric effect
- Concept of quantization of energy
- Particle nature of light: Einstein’s explanation
- Photo electric cells and their applications
- Matter Waves
- Introduction - Wave nature of particles
- De Broglie wave length
- De Broglie wave length of electrons
- Davisson – Germer experiment
- Electron Microscope
9 Atomic and Nuclear Physics
- Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics
- Electric Discharge Through Gases
- Determination of specific charge e/m of an electron - J.J. Thomson’s experiment
- Determination of charge of an electron – Millikan’s oil drop experiment
- Introduction to Atom Models
- Bohr atom model
- Limitation of Bohr's atom model
- J. J. Thomson’s Model (Water melon model)
- Rutherford’s model
- Atomic spectra
- Nuclei
- Composition of nucleus
- Isotopes, isobars, and isotones
- Atomic and nuclear masses
- Size and density of the nucleus
- Mass defect and binding energy
- Binding energy curve
- Constituents of a Nucleus
- Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones
- Atomic and Nuclear Masses
- Size and Density of the Nucleus
- Mass Defect and Binding Energy
- Nuclear Force
- Radioactivity
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Fusion – Energy Generation in Stars
10 Electronics and Communication
- Introduction to Electronics
- Energy band diagram of solid
- Classification of materials
- Types of Semiconductors
- Types of semiconductors
- Intrinsic semiconductors
- Extrinsic semiconductors
- Diodes
- P-N Junction formation
- P-N Junction diode
- Characteristics of a junction diode
- Rectification
- Breakdown mechanism
- Zener diode
- Optoelectronic devices
- Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
- Emitter
- Base
- Collector
- Depletion region
- Current
- Resistance
- Working of a p-n-p transistor
- Transistor configuration
- The Common Emitter (CE) Configuration
- The Common Emitter (CE) characteristic
- Transistor as an Amplifier
- Working of the amplifier
- Digital Electronics
- Analog and Digital Signals
- Logic gates
- Boolean Algebra
- De Morgan’s Theorem
- De Morgan’s First Theorem
- De Morgan’s Second Theorem
- Integrated Chips
- Introduction to Communication System
- Elements of a communication system
- Commonly used terms in electronic communication system
- Modulation
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Phase Modulation (PM)
- The Elements of an Electronic Communication System
- Antenna Size
- Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
- Earth's atmosphere
- Importance of radio waves in communication
- Space communication
- Ground wave propagation
- Sky wave propagation
- Space wave propagation
- Line of Sight Communication
- Satellite Communication
- Fibre Optic Communication
- Radar and Applications
- Mobile Communication
- Internet
- Introduction
- History Of Internet
- Global Positioning System
- Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
- Application of ICT in Everyday Life
- Application of ICT in Education
i) Teaching, Learning and Assessment
ii) Inclusive Education - Application of ICT in Art
- Application of ICT in Science and Technology
i) Health
ii) Telecommunication
iii) Agriculture and Natural Resources - Application of ICT in Business Transportation
i) Marketing
ii) Tourism - Application of ICT in Administration
i) Public Safety and Security
ii) e-Governance and Public Administration
11 Recent Developments in Physics
- What is Physics?
- What is Physics?
- Two thrusts in physics : Unification and Reductionism
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience
- Interdiscilinary nature of Nanotechnology
- Nano in Nature
- Early Beginning and Development
- Nano in Laboratories
- Application of Nano Technology
- Possible harmful e ects of nanoparticles
- Robotics
- What is robotics?
- Components of robotics
- Types of robots
- Applications of Robotics
- Advantages of Robotics
- Disadvantages of Robotics
- Physics in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
- The development in medical field has been proportional to the evolution of physics as indicated below
- The recent advancement in medical technology includes
- Virtual reality
- Precision medicine
- Health wearables
- Artificial organs
- 3D printing
- Wireless brain sensors
- Robotic surgery
- Smart inhalers
