Topics
Living World
- What is ‘Living’?
- Taxonomical Aids
Systematics of Living Organisms
- Systematics of Living Organisms (Introduction)
- Systematics of Living Organisms (Introduction)
- Concept of Systematics
- Concept of Systematics
- Classification of Taxonomy
- Classification of Taxonomy
- Three Domains of Life
- Three Domains of Life
- Chemotaxonomy
- Chemotaxonomy
- Numerical Taxonomy
- Numerical Taxonomy
- Cladogram
- Cladogram
- Phylogeny
- Phylogeny
- DNA Barcoding
- DNA Barcoding
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Units of Classification
- Units of Classification
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Salient Features of Five Kingdoms
- Acellular Organisms
- Acellular Organisms
Kingdom Plantae
- Classification of Kingdom Plantae
- Salient Features of Major Plant Groups Under Cryptogams
- Salient Features of Major Plant Groups Under Phanerogams
- Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations
Kingdom Animalia
- Criteria Used for Animal Classification
- Animal Body Plan
- Animal Classification
Cell Structure and Organization
- Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- Types of Cells
- Components of Eukaryotic Cell
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules in Living System
- Biomolecules in the Cell
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Enzymes
- Nature of Enzyme Action
- Nomenclature of Enzymes
- Classification of Enzymes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Enzyme - Substrate Interactions
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Metabolism
- Metabolic Pool
- Secondary metabolites (SMs)
Cell Division
- Introduction of Cell Division
- Cell Cycle
- Types of Cell Division
- Significance of Mitosis
- Significance of Mitosis
Plant Tissues and Anatomy
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Tissue System
- Secondary Growth in Plants
- Wood
- Cork Cambium and Secondary Growth
- Anatomy of Root, Stem and Leaf
Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Division II- Angiosperms
- Morphology
- Study of Some Important Families
Animal Tissue
Study of Animal Type : Cockroach
- Habit and Habitat
- Systematic Position
- External Morphology
- Body Cavity
- Digestive System of Cockroach
- Circulatory System Or Blood Vascular System
- Human Respiratory System
- Reproduction System
- Interactions with Mankind
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis: Food-Making Process in Plants
- Chloroplasts
- Nature of Light
- Mechanism of Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent Reaction (Hill Reaction \ Light Reaction)
- Photophosphorylation
- Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction \ Biosynthetic Phase)
- Photorespiration
- C4 Pathway Or Hatch-slack Pathway
- Cam - Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Respiration and Energy Transfer
- Formation of ATP
- Respiration
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle Or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Utility of Stepwise Oxidation
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
Human Nutrition
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Component of Food
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Salivary Glands
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- Tongue
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- The Large Intestine
- Liver
- Physiology of Digestion
- Absorption of Food
- Assimilation of Food
- Egestion of Food
- Nutritional and Digestive Tract Disorders
Excretion and Osmoregulation
- Excretion
- Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, and Uricotelism
- Human Excretory System
- Kidney and Its Internal Structure
- Kidney Tubule (Nephrons)
- Function of the Kidney - “Production of Urine”
- Concentration of Urine
- Composition of Urine
- Accessory Excretory Organs
- Common Disorders of the Urinary System
Skeleton and Movement
- Movements and Locomotion
- Location and Structure of Skeletal Muscles
- Working of Skeletal Muscles
- Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
- Physiology of Muscle Relaxation
- Relaxation of Muscle Fibres
- Skeletal System
- Group of Skeleton
- Types of Joints
- Disorders Related to Muscles
- Disorders Related to Bones
- Introduction
- Types of Meristematic Tissue
Introduction:
Meristematic tissue is a specialised plant tissue responsible for growth, located in specific regions such as the tips of roots and shoots where active cell division occurs. These tissues enable plants to grow in length, girth and form new structures like leaves, flowers, and branches. Structurally, meristematic tissue consists of small, compactly packed cells with no intercellular spaces. These cells have a thick cytoplasm, a large conspicuous nucleus, a thin and flexible cell wall, and typically lack vacuoles as they are actively dividing and not storing materials.
- The primary function of meristematic tissue is to promote growth, contributing to both primary growth (length) and secondary growth (thickness).
- It is differentiated into specialised tissues like xylem, phloem, and epidermis, playing a key role in plant development.
- Meristematic tissue also helps in regeneration by repairing damaged tissues through the formation of new cells and ensuring the plant's continued growth and survival.
Types of Meristematic Tissue:
| Types | Apical Meristem | Intercalary Meristem | Lateral Meristem |
| Location | At the tips of roots and stems. | At the base of the petiole of leaves and branches. | Along the lateral sides of roots and stems. |
| Structure | Actively dividing cells are located at growing tips. | Present in regions of elongation. | Cylindrical cells arranged in a ring-like structure. |
| Function | Increases the length of roots and stems. | Facilitates the growth of branches and the formation of leaves and flowers. | Increases the girth (diameter) of roots and stems. |
| Growth Type | Primary Growth | Primary Growth | Secondary Growth |
Example
Where is apical meristem found?
- The apical meristem occurs at the root and stem tips.
- The shoot-apical meristem is found in parts of the plant that require rapid growth. It is found at the tip of the stem, branches, and roots.
- The apical meristem appears as a very dense group of undifferentiated cells. Different parts of the plant arise from these undifferentiated cells.
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