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प्रश्न
Answer the following question.
What role does it play in determining the credit creation power of the banking system? Use a numerical illustration to explain.
उत्तर
The process of credit creation can be explained by taking an example of a bank XYZ. A depositor deposits Rs.10,000 in his savings account, which will become the demand deposit of the bank. Based on the assumption that not all customers will turn up at the same day to withdraw their deposits, the bank maintains a minimum cash reserve of 10 % of the demand deposits, i.e. Rs.1000.It lends the remaining amount of Rs.9000 in the form of a credit to other customers. This further creates deposits for the bank XYZ of Rs 9000. Now in the next round, out of Rs 9000, Rs 900 goes as cash reserves and the remaining Rs 8100 are extended as loans. And so the process will continue. Such a process will increase the money supply in the economy by the amount (times) of credit multiplier. The credit multiplier is given by:
Credit multiplier = `1/"CRR" = 1/10` % = 10
Therefore, the money supply will increase by 10 times and the total credit created in the economy will be equal to around Rs 1,00,000.
The same process can be supported by the following table:
| Rounds | Deposits Received A |
Loans Extended B |
Cash Reserves |
| Initial | 10,000 | 9000 | 1000 |
| Round I | 9000 | 8100 | 900 |
| Round II | 8100 | 7290 | 810 |
| Round III | - | - | - |
| Round IV | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - |
| Round N | - | - | - |
| Total | 1,00,000 | 90,000 | 10,000 |
संबंधित प्रश्न
Credit creation by commercial banks is determined by (Choose the correct alternative)
Explain the credit creation role of commercial banks with the help of a numerical example.
Answer the following question.
Explain, using a numerical example, how a reduction in reserve deposit ratio, affects the credit creation power of the banking system.
Credit creation by the commercial bank is determined by ______.
______ is the rate of interest charged by the central bank on loans given to the commercial bank.
The process of money creation or credit creation is done by ______.
Access to adequate and timely credit at affordable rates is critical for the rural poor to alleviate high cost debt and invest in livelihood opportunities. Despite the Government of India's best efforts, financial inclusion of the rural poor has been beset with multiple challenges. Lack of adequate banking infrastructure and human resources in rural areas, unplanned expansion leading to unviable bank branches and low levels of financial literacy amongst the rural populace have been some of the key challenges.
The most vulnerable communities, who often had no formal credit history or ability to provide collateral, have often been the worst affected. Inability to access loans from banks meant that the poorest had to resort to moneylenders for loans at unreasonably high rates of interest that invariably led them into a toxic debt trap.
In this context, the SHG-Bank Linkage programme, formalised by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in 1995, synthesizes 'formal financial systems' (in terms of a formal institution providing credit) with the 'informal sector' (comprising of rural poor with no formal credit history), has emerged as a preferred vehicle for providing financial services to the hitherto unbanked poor.
Community Based Repayment Mechanisms (CBRMs) have been institutionalised at branches involved in financing SHGs to monitor and ensure timely repayment of loans by SHGs. The number of SHGs with outstanding bank loans stands at nearly 5 million today, implying that the program has brought formal banking services to over 50 million women.
What could be the main reason for the institutionalization of Community Based Repayment Mechanisms (CBRMs)?
Read the given extract carefully and answer the following questions.
| Mr. X wanted to buy an expensive motorcycle for his son but he did not have sufficient money to buy it. He approached a public sector commercial bank for the loan. The bank asked Mr. X to deposit 20% cash of the loan amount and rest 80% of the loan amount was given by the bank. |
- Briefly explain a Commercial Bank.
- What is the regulation of consumer credit in selective credit control?
- Name the bank which controls all the commercial banks and financial institutions in the country.
''The process of credit creation by commercial banks comes to an end when the total of required reserves become equal to the initial deposits."
With the help of a numerical example, prove that the given statement is true.
Deposits made by the people from their own resources are called ______.
Suppose in an economy, the initial deposit of ₹ 400 crores lead to the creation of total deposits worth ₹ 4000 crore. Then the value of reserve requirements would be ______.
Match the following and select the correct option.
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (i) | A deposit created by a customer | A. | Term deposit |
| (ii) | A deposit created by bank when loan is granted | B. | Demand deposits |
| (iii) | Deposits payable by bank on demand | C. | Initial deposit |
| (iv) | Deposits the amount of which can be withdrawn only after a fixed period of time | D. | Secondary deposit |
Which of these banks formulates the credit control tools?
Match the following:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Primary deposits | (i) | Payable on demand |
| B. | Derivative deposits | (ii) | Deposits for a fixed period of time |
| C. | Demand deposits | (iii) | Cash deposits of people |
| D. | Term deposits | (iv) | Deposits created by banks (or loan deposits) |
Match the following:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Formula of Money Multiplier | (i) | Inverse |
| B. | Money multiplier = 4 | (ii) | Money multiplier = 10 |
| C. | Relationship between LRR and money multiplier | (iii) | LRR = 0.25 |
| D. | LRR = 0.1 | (iv) | `1/"LRR"` |
What is meant by primary deposits?
What is money multiplier?
How money multiplier is related to Legal Reserve Ratio?
