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प्रश्न
Define ligancy and critical radius ratio. Calculate critical radius radio for ligancy 6.
उत्तर
LIGANCY:-
In an ionic solid the cation and anion are positioned at alternate lattice points. Generally cations are smaller than anions in size. In a given crystal the number of anions surrounding a cation is called the ligancy i.e., the coordination number of an ionic crystal.
RADIUS RATIO:-
If the surrounding anions touch each other as well as touch the central cations the condition is called critical. In this case the cation-anion radius ratio is called the critical radius ratio rC /rA . Here rC and rA are the cation and anion radii respectively.
OCTAHEDRAL CONFIGURATION:
The octahedral configuration of neighbouring anions is found in NaCl structure. Here four anions A, B ,C and D are arranged at the corners of a square with the cation O at the centre of the square. Two more anions are situated in front and at the back of the cation. The centres of all six anions form an octahedron.
Here in ∆ BOC , < BOC = 90°, BC = 2rA , OB = rC + rA and <BCO =45°,
Hence, `( BO)/(BC)` = cos45°
`Or, ( r_C +r _A)/(2r_A) = 1/(√2)`
The critical radius ratio here is,
`(r_C)/(r_A)=0.414`
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