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प्रश्न
Define the law of multiple proportions. Explain it with two examples. How does this law point to the existence of atoms?
उत्तर
To the law of multiple proportions, when two elements react to form two or more than two chemical compounds, the ratio between different masses of one of the elements combining with a fixed mass of the other is always in the ratio of tiny numbers.
Examples:
1. Compounds of carbon and oxygen: C and O react to form two different compounds \[\ce{CO}\] and \[\ce{CO2}\]. In \[\ce{CO}\] 12 parts by mass of C reacts with 16 parts by mass of O.
In \[\ce{CO2}\], 12 parts by mass of C reacts with 32 parts by mass of O.
If the mass of C is fixed at 12 parts of mass then the ratio in the masses of oxygen that reacts with the fixed mass of C is 16:32, that is, 1:2.
Therefore, the mass of oxygen contains a simple ratio of 1:2 to each other.
2. Compounds of sulphur and oxygen: S and O reacts to form two compounds \[\ce{SO2}\] and \[\ce{SO3}\]. In \[\ce{SO2}\], 32 parts by mass of S reacts with 32 parts by mass of O.
In \[\ce{SO2}\], 32 parts by mass of S reacts with 48 parts by mass of O.
If the mass of S is fixed at 32 parts of mas then the ratio in the masses of oxygen that react with the fixed mass of S is 32: 48, that is, 2:3.
This law demonstrates that certain constituents combine in a specific proportion. It's possible that these constituents are atoms. As a result, the law of multiple proportions tells the existence of atoms that can join to form molecules.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
The following data are obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react together to form different compounds:-
| Mass of dinitrogen | Mass of dioxygen | |
| (i) | 14 g | 16 g |
| (ii) | 14 g | 32 g |
| (iii) | 28 g | 32 g |
| (iv) | 28 g | 80 g |
(a) Which law of chemical combination is obeyed by the above experimental data?Give its statement.
(b) Fill in the blanks in the following conversions:
(i) 1 km = ______ mm = ______ pm
(ii) 1 mg = ______ kg = ______ ng
(iii) 1 mL = ______ L = _______ dm3
Which of the following statements indicates that law of multiple proportion is being followed?
One of the statements of Dalton’s atomic theory is given below: “Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio”
Which of the following laws is not related to this statement?
(i) Law of conservation of mass
(ii) Law of definite proportions
(iii) Law of multiple proportions
(iv) Avogadro law
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in whole number ratio.
Is this statement true?
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in whole number ratio.
If yes, according to which law?
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in whole number ratio.
Give one example related to this law.
A box contains some identical red coloured balls, labelled as A, each weighing 2 grams. Another box contains identical blue coloured balls, labelled as B, each weighing 5 grams. Consider the combinations AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3 and show that law of multiple proportions is applicable.
What is a combination reaction?
Which one of the following pairs of compounds illustrates the law of multiple proportion?
