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प्रश्न
Discuss any two merits and demerits of the Green Revolution in the agricultural sector in the Indian economy.
उत्तर
Merits of Green Revolution:
- Increase in Production: It significantly increased agricultural productivity and consequently crop yield. The gap between the sowing and harvesting of crops was reduced due to HYV seeds.
- Shift to Commercial Farming: Considerable growth in output led to a marketable surplus. The farmers were encouraged to switch from subsistence to commercial farming as a result of it. This denotes progress and growth.
Demerits of Green Revolution:
- Limited Crops: The green revolution was mostly limited to the cultivation of food grains, including rice and wheat. The production of commercial crops like cotton, jute, and other fibers as well as pulses has not increased in this way.
- Economic Divide: It solely helped wealthy farmers. Small and marginal farmers were unable to benefit from it since they employed pricey inputs in their farming operations.
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|
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. he government in the post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. High yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana and parts of western Uttar Pradesh. In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not highyielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in the situations of adversities. |
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- High Yielding Varieties (HYV)
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