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प्रश्न
Discuss the central problems of an economy.
उत्तर
Every economy faces three central problems due to scarce availability of resources. This scarcity challenges the best possible usage of these available resources to fulfil the unlimited demands. The three central problems of an economy are as follows:
1. What to produce and in what quantities?
The very first problem encountered by any economy is to decide what goods are to be produced and in what quantities or amount. There is a lot to be decided; whether to produce consumer goods or luxury goods; agricultural goods or investment goods; whether to cater education and healthcare sector or to strengthen country’s military. An appropriate example was set by the Latin American nation Costa Rica; they dismantled their military in 1949 and invested the money, which earlier was spent on the maintenance of their army, on education and healthcare. Once it is decided, what to produce, the next decision is to estimate the amount or quantity of the production. So the economy constantly struggles to choose what to produce and in what quantities.
2. How to produce?
The second problem that arrives is how to harvest the given or available resources? That is, what technique is to be used for producing various goods and services? It depends majorly on the nation’s endowment of resources in deciding the optimum technique. It has to be decided whether efficient production is possible through labour-intensive or capital-intensive techniques. This decision rest on the present economic conditions and also that the selected technique shall not only reduce the cost of production but also add to the social and economic welfare. For example, if a country is facing wide unemployment possibly due to huge population, then it is wise to opt for labour-intensive technique so that there is reduction in unemployment.
3. For whom to produce?
Finally, the purposeful distribution of final goods and services produced (national income) has to be done; that is, who gets what and how much? The economy needs to decide the best suitable mechanism for distribution of the final products among different segments of the society. The objective behind selecting such mechanism is to reduce inequality of income, to reduce poverty and to add to the social welfare and standard of living of people.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer the following question.
Explain the central problem for whom to produce.
Why do central problems of an economy arise?
Define Consumption Goods.
Find Net Value added at Market Price:
|
S.No |
Items |
Amount |
|
(i) |
Depreciation (Rs) |
700 |
|
(ii) |
Output sold (units) |
900 |
|
(iii) |
Price per unit of output (Rs) |
40 |
|
(iv) |
Closing stock (Rs) |
1,000 |
|
(v) |
Opening stocks (Rs) |
800 |
|
(vi) |
Sales tax (Rs) |
3,000 |
|
(vii) |
Intermediate cost (Rs) |
20,000 |
Answer the following question.
Why does an economic problem arise? Explain.
What is the full form of QRs?
Assertion (A): Car purchased by the hotel for the purpose of tourism facilitation is a Capital Good.
Reason (R): The car is purchased by the hotel to provide long term service to the consumers.
What is the root cause of all economic problems?
Choose the correct statement.
Refer to the passage below and answer the following question.
| The economic problem is the problem of choice. The problem of choice has to be faced by every economy of the world, whether developed or developing. Human beings have wants that are unlimited. Economic problems are reflected in the form of Central or Basic Problems of an economy. Any economy whether market, centrally planned or mixed has to face these problems. In economic analysis, the concept of opportunity cost is widely used. Opportunity cost is defined as the cost of an alternative opportunity given up or surrendered. |
The problem of choice is faced by ______
What all is covered under the allocation of resources?
Goods purchased for the following purpose are final goods:
Assertion (A): The flour purchased by a baker is considered an intermediate good.
Reason (R): The flour is used for the production of bread, cakes, and biscuits to be sold to the consumer.
Identify the correctly matched item from Column A to that of Column B:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| (1) | Tea Industry | (a) | Monopoly |
| (2) | Ship Building industry | (b) | Perfect Competition |
| (3) | Oil Producing Countries | (c) | Oligopoly |
| (4) | Food Market | (d) | Monopoly |
