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प्रश्न
Discuss the advantages of GMO.
उत्तर
Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has:
- Made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
- Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
- Helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
- Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil).
- Enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., Vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How has RNAi technique helped to prevent the infestation of roots in tobacco plants by a nematode Meloidegyne incognitia?
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Answer the following question.
List any four ways by which GMOs have been useful for enhanced crop output.
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RNA interference (RNAi) holds great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human diseases and as biocontrol agents in controlling pests in the field agriculture. An experiment was carried to study the use of 'RNAi' for the potential treatment of disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Some people possess genetic mutations with elevated levels of ApoB gene which predisposes them to coronary artery diseases. Lowering the amount ApoB can reduce the number of lipoproteins and lower the blood cholesterol. Tracy Zimmerman and her colleagues used RNAi in 2006 to reduce the level of ApoB in non human primates Cynomolgus monkeys. One group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (small interfering RNAs, SiRNAs) (doses 1 mg/kg, SiRNAs), second group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (doses 2.5 mg/kg, SiRNAs) and third group of monkeys were injected with saline. |
The results of the study are depicted in the graph below:
- How does the treatment with 2.5 mg/kg bring an effect on cholesterol metabolism when compared from 24 hours and 144 hours?
- Write any two natural sources from where dsRNA molecule could be obtained for silencing the specific mRNA.
- How is RNAi used in controlling the infection on the roots of tobacco plants by the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia?
Name (i) a GM cereal crop having enhanced nutritional value, (ii) the nutrient it is rich in.
Compare and contrast the disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.
