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प्रश्न
Distinguish between
Top level management and lower level management.
उत्तर
| No. |
Points |
Top Level Management |
Lower Level Management |
|
(1) |
Meaning |
Top level management refers to top position in the organization such as Board of Directors, CEO, President, Managing Director, etc. |
Lower level management refers to lower/ last positions in the organization. E.g. superintendents, supervisors, etc. |
|
(2) |
Nature of work |
It is concerned with framing plans and policies of the entire organization. |
It is considered with actual execution of planning. |
|
(3) |
Skills |
It requires conceptual or decision making skills than technical skills. |
It requires more technical skills than other skills. |
|
(4) |
Promotion policy |
At this level promotion is given on merit. |
Promotion is based on seniority basis. |
|
(5) |
Time frame |
It considers longer period of time i. e. 5 to 20 years. |
It considers very short period of time i.e. upto one year. |
|
(6) |
Responsibility |
Top level is responsible to shareholders, government and society. |
It is responsible to both top and middle level management. |
|
(7) |
Flow of order |
Orders and instructions are passed to middle level. |
Implementation is done as per the orders of middle level and reports are submitted to middle level. |
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|
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|
_____________ |
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Attempt the following.
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