Question

Explain briefly, micturition and disorders of the excretory system.

Answer 1

Micturition: The passage of urine out of the urinary bladder is called micturition. It is a brain-mediated activity and is somehow voluntary. It involves the following steps:

• The urinary bladder becomes stretched as it gets filled with urine.
• The stretch receptors on the bladder wall send signals to the CNS.
• CNS sends motor messages to the smooth muscles in the urinary bladder.
• Muscles in the urinary bladder contract and urine rushes out of the bladder and sphincter of the urethra becomes relaxed. This results in Now of urine on the outside.

Disorders of the Excretory System:

1. Renal Impairment: In renal impairment, the filtration does not remain optimum. This leads to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the body. This also results in altered osmoregulation which causes various complications. Cases of renal impairment are managed through dialysis. In case of extreme renal failure, kidney transplant is the only option.
2. Renal calculi: Stone or insoluble mass of crystals in kidney are called renal calculi. In many cases, they usually come out on their own. In extreme conditions, surgical intervention is needed to remove the stones.
3. Glomerulonephritis: InNammation of glomerulus is called glomerulonephritis. This can happen because of infection or because of some other underlying disease.