Question

Explain Nested Structure. Write a program using nested structure to create an Array of structure to store the details of N students.
The details are,
1. Student name
2. Student roll no
3. Marks of Physics, Chemistry, Maths.
Calculate total of P-C-M. Display the data in the format
Name Roll no Total marks

Answer 1

Nested structure :-
Nested structure in C is nothing but structure within structure. One structure can be declared inside other structure as we declare structure members inside a structure. The structure variables can be a normal structure variable or a pointer variable to access the data. Nested structure in c language can have another structure as a member. There are two ways to define nested structure in c language:
1) Separate structure :
We can create 2 structures, but dependent structure should be used inside the main structure as a member. Let's see the code of nested structure.
2) Embedded structure :
We can define structure within the structure also. It requires less code than previous way. But it can't be used in many structures.

The syntax of nested structure is given as :
struct structure_name
{
data_type variable_name;
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
struct
{
data_type variable_name;
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
internal_structure_name;
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
}
Solution Program :-
Sourse Code :
     #include <stdio.h>
     #include <conio.h>
struct students
{
    char name[30] ;
    int roll_no, total;
    struct
    {
      int physics, chemistry, maths;
}
marks;
};
void main( )
{
    struct students n[100];
    int n, i, j;
    clrscr( );
    printf(“Enter number of students : ”);
    scanf(“%d”, &n);
    for (i=0 ; i<=n-1 ; i++)
    {
        printf(“Enter following details of student :- ”);
        printf(“Name : ”);
        scanf(“%s”, & n[i].name);
        printf(“Roll number : ”);
        scanf(“%d”, & n[i].roll_no);
        printf(“Marks in Physics : ”);
        scanf(“%d”, & n[i].marks.physics);
        printf(“Marks in Chemistry : ”);
        scanf(“%d”, & n[i].marks.chemistry);
        printf(“Marks in Mathematics : ”);
        scanf(“%d”, & n[i].marks.maths);
        n[i].total = n[i].marks.physics + n[i].marks.chemistry +
                     n[i].marks.maths;
}
printf(“\n Name \t Roll Number \t Total \n”);
printf(“ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\n”);
for (i=0 ; i<=n-1 ; i++)
{
             printf(“%s \t %d \t %d \n”, n[i].name, n[i].roll_no,
                  n[i].total);
}
getch();
}

Output :-

 

Enter number of students : 3 Enter following details of student :- Name : Saurav Palande Roll number : 45 Marks in Physics : 50 Marks in Chemistry : 60 Marks in Mathematics : 30 Enter following details of student :- Name : Sayali Rajapurkar Roll number : 40 Marks in Physics : 50 Marks in Chemistry : 60 Marks in Mathematics : 40 Enter following details of student :- Name : Amrit Shah Roll number : 65 Marks in Physics : 60 Marks in Chemistry : 60 Marks in Mathematics : 60 Name Roll Number Total  Saurav Palande 45 140 Sayali Rajapurkar 40 150 Amrit Shah 65 180