Question

Explain the functioning of hybrid vehicles. 

Answer 1

Functioning of hybrid vehicles are:

1. Electric Motor for Low Speeds: At low speeds or during beginning acceleration, the vehicle depends mainly on the electric motor, which is powered by the battery. This results in a quiet operation with no fuel use. 
2. Engine for Higher Speeds: When the vehicle accelerates to higher speeds, the internal combustion engine takes over, delivering more power or working independently over longer distances.
3. Regenerative Braking: When the car slows or brakes, the hybrid system turns some of its kinetic energy into electrical energy stored in the battery. This is known as regenerative braking, and it helps restore the battery.
4. Seamless Switching Between Power Sources: Depending on the driving conditions, the vehicle's onboard system automatically switches between the electric motor, internal combustion engine, or both to optimise performance and fuel efficiency.
5. Battery Charging: Hybrid vehicles charge their batteries using regenerative braking and, in some cases, the internal combustion engine. Unlike plug-in electric automobiles, they do not require external charging.