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प्रश्न
Explain the procedures for studying verbal learning.
उत्तर
The following are the procedures for studying verbal learning:
(i) Paired Associates Learning
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This method is used to learn foreign languages. A list of paired-associates is prepared and the first word is used as a stimulus, while the second word is used as a response.
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Members of each pair may be from the same language or two different languages.
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The learner is first shown both the stimulus-response pairs and instructed to remember and recall the response after the presentation of each stimulus term.
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This continues until the participant remembers all the response words without any error.
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The total number of trials taken to reach the criterion becomes the measure of paired associates learning.
(ii) Serial Learning
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This method is used to find out the ways through which participants learn the lists of verbal items and the processes involved in it.
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The participant is presented with a list of nonsense syllables, most familiar or least familiar words and interrelated words. Then, he/she is required to produce the items in the same serial order.
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During the first trial, the participant is shown the first item after which he/she has to produce the second item. If the participant fails to do that then the second item is presented and the participant has to produce the third.
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The learning trials continue until the participant remembers all the items in the given order.
(iii) Free Recall
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The participants in this method are presented with a list of words to read and speak out. After this, they are required to remember the words in any order.
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This method is used to study the kind of organisation of words made by the participants in order to store them in memory.
