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प्रश्न
Explain the three properties of the indifference curves.
State three properties of indifference curves
उत्तर
Properties of indifference curves (ICs)
1. Indifference curves slope downwards or negative slope:-
The indifference curves slope downwards, left to right, because an increase in the amount of Good X along the indifference curve is associated with a decrease in the amount of Good Y, as the preferences are monotonic.
2. A slope of indifference curves represents a marginal rate of substitution:-
The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the rate at which a consumer is willing to substitute one commodity for another commodity.
The slope of indifference curve between A and B `=(DeltaY)/(DeltaX)=MRS`
MRS is the rate at which the output of Good Y is sacrificed for every additional unit of Good X.
3. In an indifference map, higher IC represents a higher level of satisfaction:-
An indifference map refers to a set of indifference curves. An indifference curve which is to the right and above another shows a higher level of satisfaction to the consumer. Here, IC3 shows the higher level of satisfaction than IC2. Thus, the indifference curve relates to a higher level of income of the consumer
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using indifference curve analysis.
Explain why an indifference curve is downward sloping from left to right.
Why is an indifference curve negatively sloped? Explain.
Define indifference map.
A consumer consumes only two goods. If the price of one of the goods falls, the indifference curve: (Choose the correct alternative)
a. Shifts upwards
b. Shifts downwards
c. Can shift both upwards or downwards
d. Does not shift
Define an indifference map. Why does indifference curve to the right show more utility? Explain.
What are the properties of indifference curves?
Identify the correct pair of items from the following Columns I and II:
| Columns I | Columns II |
| (1) Demand Curve | (a) Downward sloping |
| (2) Indifference curve | (b) Upward rising |
| (3) Marginal Utility Curve | (c) L shaped curve |
| (4) Total Utility Curve | (d) Y shaped curve |
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
| The ordinal list revolution originates in the criticism of the psychological foundations of the theory of demand, namely, the principle of decreasing marginal utility as Alfred Marshall ([1890] 1898) used it. The rejection of hedonist hypotheses led Irving Fisher (1892) and Pareto (1896-97, 1900, 1909) to favour an objective or "positive" approach to economic concepts. The "ordinal list revolution" (Omarzabal 1995, 116) is grounded in a methodological transformation of economics that put the facts of objective experience as a foundation of economics and provided a research program for the ensuing years (Green and Moss 1993; Lewin 1996). Mathematically, ordinalism is entirely based upon the idea that one can dispense with the use of a specific utility function and that no meaning shall be attached to utility measurement, except as an ordinal principle. Clearly, the development of ordinalism must be separated from the introduction of the concept of the indifference curve. Ordinalism was first advocated in Fisher's "Mathematics Investigations" (1892) and Pareto's Sunto (1900) and Manual ([1909] 1971), while the indifference curve had appeared in F. Y. Edge Worth's Mathematical Psychics (1881). It was thus only through Fisher's and Pareto's recasting that the concept of the indifference curve became irreversibly associated with the promotion of ordinalism. Along the way, the recasting of the theory of choice along ordinal list lines raised a number of issues (about integrability, measurability, and complementarity) that would be progressively settled. The reasonable closing date for the ordinalist revolution is 1950, after Houthakker's (1950) and Samuelson's (1950) contributions. From the late 1920s, the Paretian school was progressively gaining a larger audience while the use of the concept of marginal utility and other derivative concepts was challenged. Consequently, demand theory was recast along with the principles of individual preferences and ordinal utility functions. Nevertheless, English authors proved very silent about the meaning of indifference curves. Most if not all of the reflections after 1920 about the nature of indifference curves took place in America, mainly under the impulse of Henry Schultz at Chicago. This is an American story. |
How is utility measured in Ordinal utility theory?
Assertion (A): A lower indifference curve represents a higher level of satisfaction.
Reason (R): According to the Indifference Curve Approach, utility is an ordinal concept, that is, it can be ranked and not measured.
Which of these is not a property of indifference curve?
"Higher indifference curve represents fewer quantities of one or both goods, a higher indifference curve shows higher utility level." Choose the correct option for the above mentioned statement:
Identify the correct pair of items from the following Columns I and II:
| Column I | Column II |
| (1) Monotonic Preferences | (a) Consumer preferences are called monotonic when between any three bundles, consumers always choose a bundle having more of one good and no less of other goods. |
| (2) Indifference Set | (b) It is a set of those divisions of two goods that offer the consumer the same level of satisfaction so that the consumer is indifferent across any number of combinations in his indifference set. |
| (3) Indifference Curve | (c) It is a curve showing the different combinations of two goods, each combination offering the same level of satisfaction to the consumer. |
| (4) Indifference Map | (d) It refers to a set of indifference curves placed in different diagrams for the same type of goods. |
Which of the following is an assumption for Indifference Curve Approach.
Which of the following statements are incorrect?
Will you defend or refute the case depicted in the following diagram? Provide a rationale in support of your view.
