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प्रश्न
Answer in 100-150 words
How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society? What are the differences that they notice?
उत्तर
Following examples can be cited to show the existence of social and economic variations : in the Harappan society:-
(i)Study of burials is one example. In the Harappan sites, the deads were usually laid in pits. There were differences in the Way burial pits were made. At some instances, the hollowed-out spaces were lined with bricks. But these may not be taken as an indication of social differences.
(ii)In some graves pottery and ornaments have been found. Jewellery has been found from the graves of men and women as well. These findings can point out social and economic differences. ‘
(iii)The artefacts have been classified into two categories, Utilitarian and Luxurious. Objects of daily uses and objects made of ordinary materials made of clay or stone come under utilitarian category. Ordinary articles consisted of querns, pottery, flesh-rubbers and needles. These have been found distributed throughout settlements.
(iv)Objects of luxuries were rare and made from precious, non-local materials. The technology used was advanced and complicated. Little pots of faience were considered precious. They were also not easy to make. These show the existence of social and economic variations in the Harappan society.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer in 100-150 words
List the items of food available to people in Harappan cities. Identify the groups who would have provided these.
Map work
On the given map, use a pencil to circle the sites where evidence of agriculture has been recovered. Mark an X against sites where there is evidence of craft production and R against sites where raw materials were found.
What was the main feature of the Harappa Civilisation?
Which of these is the other name of Harappan Civilisation?
- Aryan civilisation
- Indus Valley Civilisation
- Vedic Civilisation
- Early Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilization was initially called:
Which is the biggest Harappan Civilization Site?
Which of the following is called the 'Provincial capital' of the Harappan Civilization?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
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Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
|
“There cannot be any divided loyalty” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self: For the success of democracy, one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies, one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred around the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B. Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens for loyal towards the nation?
- How was loyalty considered the base of the social pyramid?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects, and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
|
“There cannot be any divided loyalty” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self: For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies, one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred around the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens for loyal towards nation?
- How was loyalty considered the base of the social pyramid?
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow.
|
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha’s teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, which could appeal to ordinary people. Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring, without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred …Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight … Leave your large kingdom … abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practise severe penance, being firm of energy…. |
- Identify the person who persuaded the king to renounce the world.
- “Oh king, dhamma alone and nothing else will save you”-. What does the word “dhamma” signifies and whose teachings was followed by the disciple.
- Under which context the following statement “unchecked like birds in their flight…….” was told by the disciple of Mahavira?
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Diligent Developers, a website design company in Bangalore, is a startup initiative of Mr. Maniraj, which aims at achieving a profit margin of 10% in its first year. Mr. Maniraj appointed Mr. Advait as the Digital marketing Head, Mr. Kiyansh as the head of Backend department and Mr. Nirved headed the Graphics Designing Department. Since each head was specialised in specific skills, it resulted in increased efficiency and better coordination. However, problems arose when Mr. Advait started considering group objectives superior to organisational objectives and stopped exchanging information with Mr. Kiyansh and Mr. Nirved. The company had to bear the brunt of a lack of coordination and was unable to achieve its objectives. |
- Identify and state the organisational structure adopted by the company.
- State two benefits and two limitations of the identified structure highlighted in the above case.
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
|
“There cannot be any divided loyalty.” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens, people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self. For the success of democracy, one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies, one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred around the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens to be loyal to nation?
- How was loyalty considered the base of the social pyramid?
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
|
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha’s teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, which could appeal to ordinary people. Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring, without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred…Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight … Leave your large kingdom … abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practice severe penance, being firm of energy … |
- Identify the person who persuaded the king to renounce the world.
- “Oh king, dhamma alone and nothing else will save you”-. What does the word “dhamma” signifies and whose teachings was followed by the disciple.
- Under which context the following statement “unchecked like birds in their flight…” was told by the disciple of Mahavira?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abul Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His. Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance, 'attend to make the kornish and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports: His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male . and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers are also are ailxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows.
|
“There cannot be any divided loyalty” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self: For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred round the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens for loyalty towards nation?
- How was loyalty considered as the base of social pyramid?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow.
|
“There cannot be any divided loyalty” Govind Ballabh Pant argued that in order to become loyal citizens people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self: For the success of democracy one must train himself in the art of self-discipline. In democracies, one should care less for himself and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred around the State. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you create a system in which any individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
- How did G.B Pant encourage citizens to make a unified nation?
- Why did he urge citizens for loyal towards nation?
- How was loyalty considered the base of the social pyramid?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
|
Darbar-i Akbari Abu'l Fazl gives a vivid account of Akbar's darbar: Whenever His Majesty (Akbar) holds court (darbar) a large drum is beaten, the sounds of which are accompanied by Divine praise. In this manner, people of all classes receive notice. His Majesty's sons and grandchildren, the grandees of the Court, and all other men who have admittance,' attend to make the kornish, and remain standing in their proper places. Learned men of renown and skillful mechanics pay their respects; and the officers of justice present their reports. His Majesty, with his usual insights, gives orders, and settles everything in a satisfactory manner. During the whole time, skillful gladiators and wrestlers from all countries hold themselves in readiness, and singers, male and female, are in waiting. Clever jugglers and funny tumblers also are anxious to exhibit their dexterity and agility. |
- How were the people informed about the conduct of the court?
- How was the social control exercised in the court?
- How did Akbar dispose of the appeals or cases in the court?
Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follow.
|
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha’s teachings were compiled by his followers, the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples. These were often in the form of stories, which could appeal to ordinary people. Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all its treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied, nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind, dhamma alone, and nothing else, will save you. As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). I shall live as a nun without offspring, without desire, without the love of gain, and without hatred …Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight … Leave your large kingdom … abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property, then practise severe penance, being firm of energy…. |
- Identify the person who persuaded the king to renounce the world.
- “Oh king, dhamma alone and nothing else will save you”-. What does the word “dhamma” signifies and whose teachings was followed by the disciple.
- Under which context the following statement “unchecked like birds in their flight…….” was told by the disciple of Mahavira?
