Question

Islamic education during Medieval period

Answer 1

i. Islamic education during Medieval period was centred on the Quran. Without the ability to read and write, it would have been impossible to study the Quran, the Hadith and other sciences.

ii. The Islamic system of education was open to all followers of the faith irrespective of one’s status.

iii. Education was imparted in three ways:

1. Maktab: Elementary education
2. Madrasa: Higher learning and generally attached to a mosque
3. Khanqah: Theological training 

iv.  Maktabs

1. They had an age of admission around four years, which was marked by a rite of entry.
2. Early training focused on the R’s of learning – reading, recitation, writing and arithmetic. 
3. Several hours were spent on developing the art of writing.
4. The study of the Quran would start from around age seven.

v. Madrasas

1. They included comprehensive study of the Quran and its commentary by established theologians. 
2. The practical subjects like agriculture, accountancy, astrology, astronomy, history, geography, mathematics etc. were taught. 
3. Islamic law and jurisprudence, statecraft and languages such as Arabic and Persian were also taught.
4. Akbar enabled the study of Sanskrit and Upanishads for Hindu students who wished to learn at the Madrasa. 
5. Students had the freedom to choose subjects according to one’s interests and their aims in life. 
6. Post-madrasa training could be followed up by engaging the services of a learned teacher. 
7. Madrasas provided facilities for residence for both, students and teachers; financial support came from rulers, the wealthy and pious Muslims.